Hybrid electrodes and electrochemical cells and modules utilizing the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12014872-B2
Application number	US-201817050084-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 23, 2018
Priority date	Apr 23, 2018
Publication date	Jun 18, 2024
Grant date	Jun 18, 2024

Abstract

Hybrid electrochemical cells and modules include an anode two-sided current collector a coated with host material in anode region(s) and a cathode two-sided current collector coated with active material in cathode region(s), and one or more of the anode current collector and the cathode current collector is coated with capacitor material in one or more distinct, non-overlapping capacitor regions. A hybrid anode and/or cathode can include gaps between capacitor regions and anode regions and cathode regions. The capacitor material applied to an electrode is different from the host or active material thereof. Active material includes lithium metal oxides and lithium metal phosphates such as LiFePO 4 , Li(Ni x Mn y Co z )O 2 , and/or LiMn 2 O 4 ; host material includes graphite, silicon, silicon-Li/Sn/Cu alloys, Si/Co/Fe/TiSn oxides, and low-surface area carbon; and capacitor material includes activated carbon, metal oxides, and metal sulfides.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A hybrid electrochemical cell comprising:
an anode having an anode current collector with two anode sides, wherein:
each of the two anode sides is coated in one or more anode regions with an anode host material and in one or more first capacitor regions with a first capacitor material;
the one or more anode regions and the one or more first capacitor regions define one or more anode gaps between the anode host material and the first capacitor material; and
the one or more anode gaps each has a width of about 0.01 millimeters to about 5 millimeters; and

a cathode having a cathode current collector with two cathode sides, wherein:
each of the two cathode sides is coated in one or more cathode regions with a cathode active material and in one or more second capacitor regions with a second capacitor material;
the one or more cathode regions and the one or more second capacitor regions define one or more cathode gaps between the cathode active material and the second capacitor material; and
the one or more cathode gaps each has the width of about 0.01 millimeters to about 5 millimeters.

2. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more first capacitor regions of the anode are distinct from and do not overlap the one or more anode regions; and
the one or more second capacitor regions of the cathode are distinct from and do not overlap the one or more cathode regions.

3. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the first capacitor material and/or the second capacitor material comprises one or more of activated carbon, graphite, carbon aerogel, carbide-derived carbon, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, lead oxide, germanium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, palladium oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, TiS 2 , NiS, Ag 4 Hf 3 S 8 , CuS, FeS, and FeS 2 .

4. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 3 , wherein:
the first capacitor material applied to the anode current collector is different from the anode host material; and
the second capacitor material applied to the cathode current collector is different from the cathode active material.

5. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode host material comprises one or more of lithium titanate, TiNb 2 O 7 , silicon, one or more silicon-lithium alloys, one or more silicon-tin alloys, one or more silicon-copper alloys, one or more silicon oxides, one or more cobalt oxides, one or more iron oxides, one or more titanium oxides, tin, one or more tin oxides, hard carbon, soft carbon, and graphite.

6. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein
the cathode active material comprises one or more lithium metal oxides.

7. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 1 , wherein:
the cathode active material comprises one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, and spinel-structured lithium manganese oxide;
the anode host material comprises one or more of graphite, silicon, and one or more silicon oxides; and
the first capacitor material and/or the second capacitor material comprises activated carbon.

8. A hybrid electrochemical cell comprising:
an anode having an anode current collector with two anode sides, wherein:
each of the two anode sides is coated in a plurality of anode regions with an anode host material and in one or more first capacitor regions with a first capacitor material;
a first anode end of the anode includes a first anode region of the plurality of anode regions;
a first anode side of the anode current collector in the first anode region is partially coated with the anode host material;
a second anode side of the anode current collector in the first anode region is uncoated;
a second anode end of the anode includes a second anode region of the plurality of anode regions;
the first anode side of the anode current collector in the second anode region is partially coated with the anode host material;
the second anode side of the anode current collector in the second anode region is fully coated with the anode host material;
the first anode region and the second anode region are on opposite sides of the anode current collector;
the plurality of anode regions and the one or more first capacitor regions define a plurality of anode gaps between the anode host material and the first capacitor material; and
the plurality of anode gaps each have a width of about 0.01 millimeters to about 5 millimeters;

an anode electrode tab directly connected to the first anode side of the anode current collector within the first anode region;
a cathode having a cathode current collector with two cathode sides, wherein:
each of the two cathode sides of the cathode current collector is coated in a plurality of cathode regions with a cathode active material and in one or more second capacitor regions with a second capacitor material;
a first cathode end of the cathode includes a first cathode region of the plurality of cathode regions;
each of the two cathode sides of the cathode current collector in the first cathode region is partially uncoated;
a second cathode end of the cathode includes a second cathode region of the plurality of cathode regions;
each of the two cathode sides of the cathode current collector in the second cathode region is fully coated with the cathode active material;
the first cathode region is aligned with the first anode region;
the plurality of cathode regions and the one or more second capacitor regions define a plurality of cathode gaps between the cathode active material and the second capacitor material; and
the plurality of cathode gaps each have the width of about 0.01 millimeters to about 5 millimeters; and

a cathode electrode tab directly connected to the cathode current collector within the first cathode region.

9. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein the first capacitor material and/or the second capacitor material comprises one or more of activated carbon, graphite, carbon aerogel, carbide-derived carbon, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, lead oxide, germanium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, manganese oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, palladium oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, TiS 2 , NiS, Ag 4 Hf 3 S 8 , CuS, FeS, FeS 2 , poly (3-methyl thiophene), polyaniline, polypyrrole, poly(paraphenylene), polyacene, polythiophene, and polyacetylene.

10. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein:
the cathode active material comprises one or more of lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide, and spinel-structured lithium manganese oxide;
the anode host material comprises one or more of graphite, silicon, and one or more silicon oxides; and
the first capacitor material and/or the second capacitor material comprises activated carbon.

11. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein
the anode host material comprises one or more of lithium titanate, TiNb 2 O 7 , silicon, one or more silicon-lithium alloys, one or more silicon-tin alloys, one or more silicon-copper alloys, one or more silicon oxides, one or more cobalt oxides, one or more iron oxides, one or more titanium oxides, tin, one or more tin oxides, hard carbon, soft carbon, and graphite.

12. The hybrid electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein
the cathode active material comprises one or more lithium metal oxides.

13. A hybrid electrochemical module comprising:
a plurality of stacked or wound electrode pairs, each electrode pai

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Liu Haijing
• Que Xiaochao
• Kong Dewen
• Wang Jianfeng

Classifications

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M12/00

  Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof (hybrid capacitors H01G11/00) · CPC title

• H01M10/0587

  of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title