Hybrid cell design of alternatively stacked or wound lithium ion battery and capacitor electrodes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10693176-B2
Application number	US-201615221963-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 28, 2016
Priority date	Jul 28, 2016
Publication date	Jun 23, 2020
Grant date	Jun 23, 2020

Abstract

Electrodes are formed with a porous layer of particulate electrode material bonded to each of the two major sides of a compatible metal current collector. In one embodiment, opposing electrodes are formed with like lithium-ion battery anode materials or like cathode materials or capacitor materials on both sides of the current collector. In another embodiment, a battery electrode material is applied to one side of a current collector and capacitor material is applied to the other side. In general, the electrodes are formed by combining a suitable grouping of capacitor layers with un-equal numbers of anode and cathode battery layers. One or more pairs of opposing electrodes are assembled to provide a combination of battery and capacitor energy and power properties in a hybrid electrochemical cell. The cells may be formed by stacking or winding rolls of the opposing electrodes with interposed separators.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A hybrid electrochemical cell of lithium-ion battery and capacitor electrodes, the electrochemical cell comprising an assembly of at least one pair of stacked or wound rolls of facing, opposing electrical charge electrodes, each electrode consisting of a two-sided current collector foil coated on both sides with a porous layer of particles of an electrode material, each layer of electrode material being one selected from the group consisting of (i) a lithium ion intercalating/de-intercalating anode material, (ii) a lithium ion intercalating/de-intercalating cathode material, and (iii) a lithium cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material or a corresponding anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material, the porous layers of each electrode material being separated from each other by the two-sided current collector foil and from a facing layer of an electrode material by a co-extensive porous separator layer, the pores of the facing electrode materials and separator layers being infiltrated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium cations and corresponding anions;
the two porous layers of electrode material that are coated separately on each two-sided current collector foil being selected from the group consisting of: (i) a layer of lithium-ion battery anode material on both sides of the current collector foil, (ii) a layer of lithium-ion battery cathode material on both sides of the current collector foil, (iii) a layer of lithium cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material or a corresponding anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material on both sides of the current collector foil, (iv) a layer of lithium-ion battery anode material on one side of the current collector foil and a layer of lithium-cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material on the opposing side of the current collector foil, and (v) a layer of lithium-ion battery cathode material on one side of the current collector foil and a layer of corresponding anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material on the opposing side of the current collector foil; and
the at least one pair of opposing electrical charge electrodes including at least one electrode coating layer of capacitor material and an un-equal number of electrode coating layers of anode material and of cathode material, the coating layers on the at least one pair of opposing electrodes being selected to obtain a predetermined combination of energy density (Wh/kg) and power density (W/kg) for the electrochemical cell.

2. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 1 in which the electrochemical cell comprises one to four pairs of facing, opposing electrodes.

3. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 1 in which the electrochemical cell comprises at least one grouping of a first pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material, and a second pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material.

4. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 3 in which the at least one grouping of the two pairs of opposing electrodes with interposed separators are assembled in a stacking of the electrodes and separators or they are assembled as a wound roll of the electrodes and separators.

5. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 1 in which the electrochemical cell comprises at least one grouping of a first pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material, and a second and third pair of opposing electrodes, each of the second and third pair having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material.

6. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 5 in which the at least one grouping of the three pairs of opposing electrodes with interposed separators are assembled in a stacking of the electrodes and separators or they are assembled as a wound roll of the electrodes and separators.

7. A hybrid electrochemical cell of lithium-ion battery and capacitor electrodes, the electrochemical cell comprising an assembly of at least two pairs of stacked or wound rolls of facing, opposing electrical charge electrodes, each electrode consisting of a two-sided current collector foil coated on both sides with a porous layer of particles of an electrode material, the porous layers of each electrode material being separated from each other by the two-sided current collector foil and from a facing layer of an electrode material by a co-extensive porous separator layer, the pores of the facing electrode materials and separator layers being infiltrated with a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing lithium cations and corresponding anions;
the two porous layers of electrode material that are coated separately on each two-sided current collector foil being selected from the group consisting of: (i) a layer of lithium-ion battery anode material on both sides of the current collector foil, (ii) a layer of lithium-ion battery cathode material on both sides of the current collector foil, and (iii) a layer of lithium cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material or a layer of corresponding anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material on both sides of the current collector foil; and
the at least two pairs of opposing electrical charge electrodes including at least one two-side coated capacitor electrode and an un-equal number of electrodes of anode material and of cathode material, the coating layers on the at least two pairs of opposing electrodes being selected to obtain a predetermined combination of energy density (Wh/kg) and power density (W/kg) for the electrochemical cell.

8. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 7 in which the electrochemical cell comprises at least one grouping of a first pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material, and a second pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of anion adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material.

9. An electrochemical cell as stated in claim 7 in which the electrochemical cell comprises at least one grouping of a first pair of opposing electrodes having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion anode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material, and a second and third pair of opposing electrodes, each having an electrode with two layers of lithium-ion cathode material and an opposing electrode with two layers of lithium cation adsorbing/desorbing capacitor material.

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Liu Haijing
• Yu Zhiqiang
• Liu Jianyong
• Que Xiaochao
• Verbrugge Mark W

Classifications

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• H01M12/00

  Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof (hybrid capacitors H01G11/00) · CPC title

• H01M10/0587

  of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators · CPC title

• H01M10/0585

  of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators · CPC title

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title