Battery including beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide electrochemically active cathode material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11764357-B2
Application number	US-202117248650-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 1, 2021
Priority date	May 9, 2017
Publication date	Sep 19, 2023
Grant date	Sep 19, 2023

Abstract

The invention is directed towards an electrochemically active cathode material for a battery. The electrochemically active cathode material includes a non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a chemical formula. The chemical formula is L ix A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 ·nH 2 O where x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20; y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20; a is from about 0.02 to about 0.2; z is from about 0 to about 0.2; and n is from about 0 to about 1. Within the chemical formula, A is an alkali metal. The alkali metal includes potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof. Within the chemical formula, M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof.

First claim

What is claimed:

1. A non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a layered crystal structure, the layered crystal structure characterized by a lattice comprising (a) a plurality of NiO 2 layers and (b) lithium ions and nickel ions located in an interlayer region between adjacent NiO 2 layers, wherein the lattice comprises an ordered O 1 -type layer stacking sequence having an O 3 -type layer stacking fault and a γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking fault, and the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has a reduced amount of lithium relative to non-stoichiometric lithium nickelate, Li 1−a Ni 1+a O 2 , wherein 0.02≤a≤0.2.

2. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

3. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 2 , wherein the lattice comprises about 85 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

4. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 2 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 85% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, based on the total layers.

5. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 5% γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking faults, based on the total layers.

6. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

7. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 6 , wherein the lattice comprises about 2 to about 15% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

8. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 6 , wherein the lattice comprises about 15 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, based on total layers.

9. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the lattice comprises about 60 to about 95% ordered O 1 -type layer stacking, about 2 to about 40% O 3 -type layer stacking faults, and about 2 to about 5% γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking faults, based on the total layers.

10. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprises a chemical formula Li x A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 ·nH 2 O wherein
x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20;
y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20;

a is from about 0.02 to about 0.2;
z is from about 0 to about 0.2;
n is from about 0 to about 1;
A comprises an alkali metal comprising potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof; and
M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any
combination thereof.

11. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 10 , wherein z is 0.

12. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 10 , wherein a is between 0.02 and 0.16.

13. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 10 , wherein x is between 0.03 and 0.12.

14. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 10 , wherein y is between 0.08 and 0.13.

15. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising a first peak from about 14.9°2θ to about 16.0°2θ; a second peak from about 21.3°2θ to about 22.7°2θ; a third peak from about 37.1°2θ to about 37.4°2θ; a fourth peak from about 43.2°2θ to about 44.0°2θ; a fifth peak from about 59.6°2θ to about 60.6°2θ; a sixth peak from about 65.4°2θ to about 65.9°2θ, a seventh peak at from about 10.8° to about 12.0°2θ, and an eight peak from about 48.1° to about 48.6°2θ.

16. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the γ-NiOOH-like layer stacking fault comprises a P 3 -type layer stacking sequence.

17. The non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 , wherein the ordered O 1 -type layer stacking sequence comprises a superimposed ordering of the metal-containing layers wherein two NiO 2 layers separate each interlayer.

18. An electrochemically active cathode material comprising the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 .

19. A battery comprising:
a cathode comprising a conductive additive and an electrochemically active cathode material, the electrochemically active cathode material comprising the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide of claim 1 ;
an anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material, the electrochemically
active anode material comprising zinc, zinc alloy, and any combination thereof;
a separator between the cathode and the anode; and
an alkaline aqueous electrolyte.

20. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of at least 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

21. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount between 10 wt. % and 60 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

22. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of about 50 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

23. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises the non-stoichiometric beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide in an amount of about 20 wt. %, based on the total weight of the electrochemically active cathode material.

24. The battery of claim 19 , wherein the electrochemically active cathode material further comprises one or more of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, or gamma manganese dioxide.

25. The battery of claim 20 , wherein the balance of the electrochemically active cathode material comprises one or more of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, or gamma manganese dioxide.

Assignees

• Duracell Us Operations Inc

Inventors

• Nelson Jennifer A
• Christian Paul Albert
• Hackney Stephen A

Classifications

• C01G53/82 Primary

  Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements · CPC title

• C01G53/04 Primary

  Oxides · CPC title

• H01M4/525 Primary

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M10/30

  Nickel accumulators (H01M10/34 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title