Beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide electrochemically active cathode material and a battery including said material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11081696-B2
Application number	US-201916397590-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 29, 2019
Priority date	Mar 28, 2014
Publication date	Aug 3, 2021
Grant date	Aug 3, 2021

Abstract

The invention is directed towards an electrochemically active cathode material. The electrochemically active cathode includes beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide and an electrochemically active cathode material selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, and mixtures thereof. The beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide has an X-ray diffraction pattern. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide includes a first peak from about 14.9° 2θ to about 16.0° 2θ; a second peak from about 21.3° 2θ to about 22.7° 2θ; a third peak from about 37.1° 2θ to about 37.4° 2θ; a fourth peak from about 43.2° 2θ to about 44.0° 2θ; a fifth peak from about 59.6° 2θ to about 60.6° 2θ; and a sixth peak from about 65.4° 2θ to about 65.9° 2θ.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An electrochemically active cathode material comprising:
a beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide, the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide having an X-ray diffraction pattern comprising a first peak from about 14.9° 2θ to about 16.0° 2θ; a second peak from about 21.3° 2θ to about 22.7° 2θ; a third peak from about 37.1° 2θ to about 37.4° 2θ; a fourth peak from about 43.2° 2θ to about 44.0° 2θ; a fifth peak from about 59.6° 2θ to about 60.6° 2θ; and a sixth peak from about 65.4° 2θ to about 65.9° 2θ; and
an additional electrochemically active cathode material selected from the group consisting of manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, and mixtures thereof.

2. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the additional electrochemically active cathode material is a manganese dioxide selected from the group consisting of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, and a mixture thereof.

3. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the X-ray diffraction pattern further comprising a seventh peak from about 10.8° 2θ to about 12.0° 2θ; and an eighth peak from about 48.1° 2θ to about 48.6° 2θ.

4. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the first peak is at about 15.4° 2θ; the second peak is at about 22.1° 2θ; the third peak is at about 37.3° 2θ; the fourth peak is at about 43.6° 2θ; the fifth peak is at about 60.1° 2θ; and the sixth peak is at about 65.7° 2θ.

5. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 3 , the X-ray diffraction pattern further comprising a seventh peak at about 11.2° 2θ; and an eighth peak at about 48.3° 2θ.

6. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the first peak having a FWHM from about 1.01 to about 2.09; the second peak having a FWHM from about 0.86 to about 1.95; the third peak having a FWHM from about 0.23 to about 0.41; the fourth peak having a FWHM from about 0.40 to about 0.75; the fifth peak having a FWHM from about 0.57 to about 1.45; and the sixth peak having a FWHM from about 0.27 to about 0.53.

7. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 2 , the first peak having a FWHM from about 1.01 to about 2.09; the second peak having a FWHM from about 0.86 to about 1.95; the third peak having a FWHM from about 0.23 to about 0.41; the fourth peak having a FWHM from about 0.40 to about 0.75; the fifth peak having a FWHM from about 0.57 to about 1.45; the sixth peak having a FWHM from about 0.27 to about 0.53; the seventh peak having a FWHM from about 0.56 to about 1.73; and the eighth peak having a FWHM from about 0.33 to about 0.58.

8. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the X-ray diffraction pattern comprising a normalized intensity of the first peak to the third peak from about 13 to about 37; a normalized intensity of the second peak to the third peak from about 6 to about 16; a normalized intensity of the third peak of about 100; a normalized intensity of the fourth peak to the third peak from about 45 to about 73; a normalized intensity of the fifth peak to the third peak from about 7 to about 17; and a normalized intensity of the sixth peak to the third peak from about 41 to about 61.

9. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the X-ray diffraction pattern comprising a normalized intensity of the first peak to the third peak of about 24; a normalized intensity of the second peak to the third peak of about 10; a normalized intensity of the third peak of about 100; a normalized intensity of the fourth peak to the third peak of about 58; a normalized intensity of the fifth peak to the third peak of about 11; and a normalized intensity of the sixth peak to the third peak of about 48.

10. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the additional electrochemically active cathode material comprises a manganese dioxide selected from the group consisting of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), and mixtures thereof.

11. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , wherein the additional electrochemically active cathode material comprises electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD).

12. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 1 , the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprising a chemical formula, the chemical formula comprising Li x A y Ni 1+a−z M z O 2 .nH 2 O wherein:
x is from about 0.02 to about 0.20;
y is from about 0.03 to about 0.20;
a is from about 0 to about 0.2;
z is from about 0 to about 0.2;
n is from about 0 to about 1;
A comprises potassium, rubidium, cesium, and any combination thereof; and
M comprises an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a non-transition metal, and any combination thereof.

13. The electrochemically active cathode material of claim 12 , wherein A comprises potassium.

14. The electrochemically active material of claim 12 , wherein a is from about 0.09 to about 0.20.

15. The electrochemically active material of claim 12 , wherein a is from about 0.09 to about 0.10.

16. The electrochemically active material of claim 12 , wherein the beta-delithiated layered nickel oxide comprises water such that n is greater than 0.

17. A battery comprising:
a cathode comprising the electrochemically active cathode material according to claim 1 and a conductive additive;
an anode comprising an electrochemically active anode material, the electrochemically active anode material comprising zinc;
a separator between said cathode and said anode; and
an electrolyte.

18. The battery of claim 17 , wherein the battery further comprises:
a housing, the housing comprising an outer surface; and
a label, the label comprising a voltage tester;
wherein the label is affixed to the outer surface of the housing.

19. The battery of claim 17 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an aqueous electrolyte.

20. The battery of claim 17 , wherein the electrolyte comprises KOH.

Assignees

• Duracell Us Operations Inc

Inventors

• Nelson Jennifer A
• Anglin David Lloyd
• Brundu Mariarosa
• Christian Paul Albert
• Richards Thomas C

Classifications

• H01M10/488

  Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density · CPC title

• H01M6/505

  Cells combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light intensity · CPC title

• H01M6/04

  Cells with aqueous electrolyte · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title