Pyrotechnic circuit breaker

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016343524-A1
Application number	US-201615227538-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Aug 3, 2016
Priority date	Feb 4, 2014
Publication date	Nov 24, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A circuit breaker includes at least one electrical conductor for connection to an electrical circuit, a housing, a matrix, a punch movable relative to the housing to pass from a first position to a second position, and a pyrotechnical actuator to make the punch pass from the first position to the second position when ignited. The punch and matrix are arranged to form a punch-matrix unit designed, when the punch passes from the first position to the second position to break the at least one electrical conductor into at least two distinct parts, and establishing, between the punch and the matrix, at least one electrical arc between the at least two distinct parts when the circuit breaker is connected to a live electrical circuit. When the punch is in the second position, the punch-matrix unit allows at least one passage between the at least two distinct parts. The at least one passage is designed to guide the at least one electrical arc between the distinct parts. The punch-matrix unit includes at least one material designed to be withdrawn by ablation by the at least one electrical arc in order to generate gas suitable for increasing a voltage of the at least one electrical arc.

First claim

1 . A circuit breaker comprising:
at least one electrical conductor for connection to an electrical circuit; a housing; a matrix; a punch movable relative to the housing to pass from a first position to a second position; a pyrotechnical actuator to make the punch pass from the first position to the second position when ignited; wherein the punch and matrix are arranged to form a punch-matrix unit designed, when the punch passes from the first position to the second position to: break the at least one electrical conductor into at least two distinct parts, and establishing, between the punch and the matrix, at least one electrical arc between the at least two distinct parts when the circuit breaker is connected to a live electrical circuit, and wherein the punch-matrix unit, when the punch is in the second position, allows at least one passage between the at least two distinct parts, the at least one passage designed to guide the at least one electrical arc between the distinct parts, and wherein the punch-matrix unit includes at least one material designed to be withdrawn by ablation by the at least one electrical arc in order to generate gas suitable for increasing a voltage of the at least one electrical arc.

2 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one passage is at least partially limited by the material withdrawable by ablation.

3 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one passage is a groove formed in the punch or and/or the matrix.

4 . The circuit breaker according claim 1 , wherein when the punch is in the second position, the punch and the matrix are arranged with a tight adjustment with the exception of the at least one passage.

5 . The circuit breaker according to claim 4 , wherein:
each of the at least two distinct parts has a cut end separated from each other when the punch is in the second position, and the at least one passage is designed over the shortest path between the cut ends.

6 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the matrix is designed to be deformable in an elastic manner in such a manner as to guarantee a surface contact with the exception of said at least one passage with the punch when the punch is in the second position.

7 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the punch in the second position and the housing form at least one cutting chamber and this at least one break chamber comprises a vent hole to the outside of the circuit breaker and with a lid, designed to break beyond a predetermined pressure difference between said at least one cutting chamber and the outside of the circuit breaker.

8 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the punch includes two cutting edges in such a manner as to break the at least one electrical conductor into three distinct parts.

9 . The circuit breaker according to claim 8 , wherein the matrix includes a counterform between the two cutting edges defining two cutting chambers when the punch is in the second position.

10 . The circuit breaker according to claim 9 , wherein the punch is mobile along a predetermined axis of translation and the matrix is in a symmetrical manner relative to the axis of translation of the punch.

11 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the punch includes at least one bevelled cutting edge to cut the at least one electrical conductor progressively during passage from the first position to the second position.

12 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , wherein the material designed to be withdrawn by ablation is polyoxymethylene (POM).

13 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , in combination with a device for distributing current.

14 . The circuit breaker according to claim 1 , in combination with an automobile.

15 . The automobile according to claim 14 , further comprising means for storing electrical energy and an electrical propulsion device connected to the means for storing electrical energy by the at least one circuit breaker.

Assignees

• Autoliv Dev

Inventors

• Gaudinat François
• Magne Alain
• Jacquot Philippe

Classifications

• H01H2039/008

  using the switch for a battery cutoff · CPC title

• H01H9/302

  wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts · CPC title

• H01H39/006 Primary

  Opening by severing a conductor · CPC title

• B60L3/04

  Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions (protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H) · CPC title