Electrolyte and electrochemical device

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11264646-B2
Application number	US-201716342400-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 18, 2017
Priority date	Jul 5, 2017
Publication date	Mar 1, 2022
Grant date	Mar 1, 2022

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of energy storage materials, and particularly, to an electrolyte and an electrochemical device. The electrolyte includes an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is selected from a group consisting of multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2 and Formula I-3, and combinations thereof, and the additive B is at least one halogenated cyclic carbonate compound. The electrochemical device includes the above electrolyte. The electrolyte of the present disclosure can effectively passivate surface activity of the positive electrode material, inhibit oxidation of the electrolyte, and effectively reduce gas production of the battery, while an anode SEI film can be formed to avoid a contact between the anode and the electrode and thus to effectively reduce side reactions.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrolyte, comprising an additive A and an additive B, wherein the additive A is selected from a group consisting of multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compounds represented by Formula I-1 and Formula I-3, and combinations thereof:

wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 amine group, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 12 heterocyclic group;
the substituent for the above groups, if present, is independently selected from a group consisting of halogen, cyano, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, and combinations thereof;
x, y and z are each an integer independently selected from 0-8; and
m, n and k are each an integer independently selected from 0-2;
wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.001% to 10% by weight of the additive A;
wherein the additive B is at least one halogenated cyclic carbonate compound; and
wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.1% to 10% by weight of the additive B.

2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 linear or branched alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 7 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 amine group, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 8 aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted C 4 -C 7 heterocyclic group,
the substituent for the above groups, if present, is halogen.

3. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula I-1, R 1 and R 3 are identical; and
in Formula I-3, at least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are identical.

4. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein
in Formula I-1, R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are identical.

5. The electrolyte according to claim 3 , wherein
in Formula I-1, R 1 and R 3 are hydrogen; and
in Formula I-3, at least two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen.

6. The electrolyte according to claim 5 , wherein
in Formula I-1, R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are hydrogen.

7. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.01% to 6% by weight of the additive A.

8. The electrolyte according to claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.1% to 3.5%, by weight of the additive A.

9. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compound represented by Formula I-1 (a-g) is selected from a group consisting of the following compounds and combinations thereof:

the multi-cyano six-membered N-heterocyclic compound represented by Formula I-3 (a-f) is selected from a group consisting of the following compounds and combinations thereof:

10. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one halogenated cyclic carbonate compound is selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by Formula II, and combinations thereof;

wherein R 21 is selected from halogenated C 1 -C 6 alkylene, and halogenated C 2 -C 6 alkenylene.

11. The electrolyte according to claim 10 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.5% to 6% by weight of the additive B.

12. The electrolyte according to claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 1% to 3% by weight of the additive B.

13. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive C, and the additive C is selected from a group consisting of a sulfate compound, a sulfite compound, and combinations thereof,
wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.1% to 10% by weight of the additive C.

14. The electrolyte according to claim 13 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 0.5% to 6% by weight of the additive C.

15. The electrolyte according to claim 13 , wherein the sulfate compound is a cyclic sulfate compound, and the cyclic sulfate compound is selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by Formula III-1 and combinations thereof:

R 31 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, and substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenylene, wherein the substituent for the above groups, if present, is selected from a group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, and combinations thereof;
the sulfite compound is a cyclic sulfite compound, and the cyclic sulfite compound is selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by Formula III-2 and combinations thereof:

R 32 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene, or substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenylene, wherein the substituent for the above groups, if present, is selected from a group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 2 -C 4 alkenyl, and combinations thereof.

16. An electrochemical device, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator positioned between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and an electrolyte according to claim 1 .

17. The electrochemical device according to claim 16 , wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium-ion secondary battery, a lithium primary battery, or a lithium-ion capacitor.

18. The electrochemical device according to claim 16 , wherein the electrochemical device is a lithium-ion secondary battery, and the lithium-ion secondary battery has a charge cut-off voltage of 4.2V to 4.35V.

19. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein in Formula I-1 and Formula I-3, m, n and k are each independently 1 or 2.

Assignees

• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd

Inventors

• Miao Lu
• Hu Chunhua
• Yi Tiancheng
• Jiang Yao
• Liang Chengdu

Classifications

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/0567 Primary

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M6/168

  by additives · CPC title

• H01G11/06

  with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC] · CPC title

• H01G11/64

  characterised by additives · CPC title