Lithium-ion battery and apparatus

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10938068-B2
Application number	US-201917043683-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 13, 2019
Priority date	Dec 14, 2018
Publication date	Mar 2, 2021
Grant date	Mar 2, 2021

Abstract

This application provides a lithium-ion battery and an apparatus. The lithium-ion battery includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator. A positive active material of the positive electrode plate includes Lix1Coy1M1-y1O2-z1Qz1, where 0.5≤x1≤1.2, 0.8≤y1<1.0, 0≤z1≤0.1, M is selected from one or more of Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Mg, and Q is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and S. The electrolyte contains an additive A, an additive B, and an additive C. The additive A is a polynitrile six-membered nitrogen-heterocyclic compound with a relatively low oxidation potential. The additive B is an anhydride compound. The additive C is a halogen substituted cyclic carbonate compound.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium-ion battery, comprising an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, wherein the electrode assembly comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, and a separator,
wherein
a positive active material of the positive electrode plate comprises Li x1 Co y1 M 1-y1 O 2-z1 Q z1 , wherein 0.5≤x1≤1.2, 0.8≤y1<1.0, 0≤z1≤0.1, M is selected from one or more of Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Mg, and Q is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and S;
the electrolyte contains an additive A, an additive B, and an additive C, wherein the additive A is selected from one or more of compounds represented by Formula I-1, Formula I-2, and Formula I-3, the additive B is selected from one or more of compounds represented by Formula II-1 and Formula II-2, and the additive C is selected from one or more of compounds represented by Formula III-1;

in the Formula I-1, the Formula I-2, and the Formula I-3, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of a halogen atom, a nitrile group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group; x, y, and z each are independently selected from integers 0-8; and m, n, and k each are independently selected from integers 0-2;
in the Formula II-1, R 21 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of a halogen atom, a nitrile group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group;
in the Formula II-2, R 22 and R 23 each are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of a halogen atom, a nitrile group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group;
in the Formula III-1, R 31 is selected from a halogen substituted C 1 -C 6 alkylene group or a halogen substituted C 2 -C 6 alkenylene group.

2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in the Formula I-1, the Formula I-2, and the Formula I-3, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 linear or branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 7 cyclic alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 8 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from halogen atoms;
x, y, and z each are independently selected from 0, 1, or 2;
m, n, and k each are independently selected from 1 or 2;
R 21 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 linear or branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 7 cyclic alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 8 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of halogen atoms;
R 22 and R 23 each are independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 linear or branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 7 cyclic alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 8 aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of halogen atoms; and
R 31 is selected from a halogen substituted C 2 -C 4 alkylene group or a halogen substituted C 2 -C 4 alkenylene group.

3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in the Formula I-1, R 1 and R 3 are both hydrogen atoms;
in the Formula I-2, at least two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are hydrogen atoms; and
in the Formula I-3, at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.

4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the additive A is selected from one or more of the following compounds:

5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive B is selected from one or more of succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, butyric anhydride, and valeric anhydride.

6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive C is selected from one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, fluoropropylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, and trans- or cis-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolane-2-ketone.

7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
mass percent of the additive A in the electrolyte is 0.1%-10%;
mass percent of the additive B in the electrolyte is 0.1%-10%; and
mass percent of the additive C in the electrolyte is 0.1%-30%.

8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein a conductivity of the electrolyte is 4 mS/cm-12 mS/cm.

9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein a negative active material of the negative electrode plate comprises one or more of Si, SiO x2 , Si/C composite material, and Si alloy, and 0<x2≤2.

10. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein an end-of-charge voltage of the lithium-ion battery is not less than 4.2 V.

11. An apparatus, comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 .

12. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 3 , wherein R 1 , R 3 , and R 4 are all hydrogen atoms.

13. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 3 , wherein at least three of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and Ra are hydrogen atoms.

14. The lithium-

Assignees

• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd

Inventors

• Jiang Yao
• Hu Chunhua
• Yi Tiancheng
• Dou Shushi
• Liang Chengdu

Classifications

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/4235 Primary

  Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/0567 Primary

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M4/587

  for inserting or intercalating light metals · CPC title