System and method for adjusting carbon dioxide concentration in indoor atmospheres

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11207640-B2
Application number	US-201815880780-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 26, 2018
Priority date	Mar 7, 2017
Publication date	Dec 28, 2021
Grant date	Dec 28, 2021

Abstract

An electrochemical device suited to modifying a carbon dioxide concentration in an interior space includes a cathode chamber with an inlet which receives a feed gas containing carbon dioxide. A reduction catalyst layer in the cathode chamber reduces carbon dioxide in the gas to form an ionic carrier species. An anode chamber with an outlet outputs a gas comprising carbon dioxide. A solid electrolyte membrane spaces the anode chamber from the cathode chamber and transports the ionic carrier species between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The membrane includes an ionic liquid. An oxidation catalyst layer in the anode chamber oxidizes the ionic carrier species to form carbon dioxide. A voltage source provides a voltage difference across the membrane.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrochemical device comprising:
a cathode chamber including an inlet which receives a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide;
a reduction catalyst layer in the cathode chamber which electrochemically reduces carbon dioxide in the gas to form an ionic carrier species;
an anode chamber;
an electrolyte membrane which spaces the anode chamber from the cathode chamber, the membrane transporting the ionic carrier species between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber;
an oxidation catalyst layer in the anode chamber which electrochemically oxidizes the ionic carrier species to form carbon dioxide; and
an energy source, electrically connected with at least one of the reduction catalyst layer and the oxidation catalyst layer, which provides energy for the reduction and oxidation;
wherein the electrochemical device changes the concentration of CO 2 in the feed gas; and
wherein the electrolyte membrane comprises a crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid.

2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the reduction catalyst layer comprises indium, tin, lead, or glassy carbon.

3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid is a polyelectrolyte derived by polymerization of a monomer with a polymerizable group.

4. The electrochemical device of claim 3 , wherein the polymerizable group includes an alkenyl functional group.

5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid of the electrolyte membrane includes organic cations selected from nitrogen-containing cations, phosphorus-containing cations, sulfur-containing cations, and combinations thereof.

6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the organic cations are selected from the group consisting of:
1,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1,3-diethylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1,3-dipropylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium, 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-butylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-butylimidazolium, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium, 1-ethyl-3-octylimidazolium, 1-n-propyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-n-propyl-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 1-butyl-2,3-diethylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-hexyl-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium, and 1-octyl-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-vinylimidazolium, 1-propynylimidazolium, 1-vinyl-3-ethenylimidazolium, 1-ethenyl-3-propynylimidazolium, 1,3-dipropynylimidazolium, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium;
1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyridinium, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridinium, N-hexylpyridinium, and 1-ethenyl-3-propenylpyridinium, 2-vinylpyridinium, and 4-vinylpyridinium;
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium, and 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, and 1-ethenyl-3-propenylpyrrolidinium;
trimethylbutylammonium, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-methoxyethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, n-hexyltriethylammonium, trimethyl-n-hexylammonium, and triethylbutylammonium;
trihexyl (tetradecyl)phosphonium and tris(n-hexyl) tetradecylphosphonium;
mixtures thereof; and
polymers thereof.

7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid of the electrolyte membrane includes nitrogen-containing organic cations selected from the group consisting of imidazolium, pyridinium, piperidinium, and pyrrolidinium-containing cations, organo-ammonium cations, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid of the electrolyte membrane includes nitrogen-containing organic cations of the general form:

where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl groups, C 1 -C 12 alkenyl groups, C 1 -C 12 alkoxy groups, C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl groups, C 1 - C 12 hydroxyalkenyl groups, and combinations thereof, and wherein at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 is not H;
X is C or N; and
n is 0 or 1.

9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid includes anions selected from the group consisting of oxalate, formate, hydroxide, sulfonates, acetates, phosphates, carboxylates, borates, imide anions, amide anions, halides, sulfates, and mixtures thereof.

10. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinked polymerized ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of:
1-(3-methoxypropyl)-1-methylpiperidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpiperidinium tris-(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate,
trihexyl (tetradecyl)phosphonium tris (pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, trihexyl (tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride, tris(n-hexyl) tetradecylphosphonium trifluorotris (pentafluoroethyl)phosphate, tris(n-hexyl)tetradecylphosphonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium dicyanamide, N-allylphosphonium formate,
1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-methylpyridinium tris (pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, N-(3-hydroxypropyl)pyridinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-hexylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide,
1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoroacetate,
1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,2-dimethyl-3-N-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium diphosphate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-n-propyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-butyl-2,3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluorotris (pentafluoroethyl)phosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, N-vinyl imidazolium formate, 1-ethyl, 3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide,
trimethylbutylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl- 2 -methoxyethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, n-hexyltriethylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, trimethyl-n-hexylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, triethylbutylammonium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate,
polymerizable unsaturated equivalents thereof,
mixtures thereof, and
polymers thereof.

11. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is substantially impermeable to at least one gas, the at least one gas including oxygen.

12. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:
a gas diffusion layer in the cathode chamber adjacent the reduction catalyst layer;
a gas diffusion layer in the anode chamber adjacent the oxidation catalyst layer; and
a carbon dioxide capture layer in the anode chamber, the carbon dioxide capture layer being spaced from the memb

Assignees

• Palo Alto Res Ct Inc

Inventors

• Desai Divyaraj
• Baker Rivest Jessica Louis
• Iftime Gabriel
• Vedharathinam Vedhasri
• Chintapalli Mahati
• Wei Junhua
• Doris Sean Emerson

Classifications

• B01D61/422

  Electrodialysis · CPC title

• B01D53/02

  by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography {(solid sorbent compositions B01J20/00, preparation of inorganic compounds or elements C01)} · CPC title

• Y02C20/40

  of CO2 · CPC title

• F24F8/30

  by ionisation · CPC title

• F24F8/192

  by electrical means, e.g. by applying electrostatic fields or high voltages · CPC title