Anode active material for lithium-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9997779-B2
Application number	US-201514972574-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 17, 2015
Priority date	Jul 30, 2013
Publication date	Jun 12, 2018
Grant date	Jun 12, 2018

Abstract

In at least one embodiment, a rechargeable battery is provided comprising an anode having an active material including MSb 2 O 4 having a purity level of greater than 93 percent by weight, wherein M is a metal. The metal may have an oxidation state of 2+ and may include transition metals and/or alkali-earth metals. The anode active material may be synthesized using metal acetates or metal oxides. The synthesis may include heating at a first temperature to remove oxygen and water and reacting at a second temperature to form the MSb 2 O 4 structure, which may be a spinel crystal structure.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of forming an anode active material comprising:
mixing a metal oxide of the formula MO with antimony oxide, where M is one of Zn, Mn, or Mg and has an oxidation state of 2+;
heating the mixture to a first temperature to remove oxygen and water from the mixture; and
reacting the mixture at a second temperature to form MSb 2 O 4 .

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is from 80° C. to 200° C.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is reacted to form MSb 2 O 4 with a purity of at least 95 percent by weight.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is from 450° C. to 650° C.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is held at the second temperature for 5 to 25 hours.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing includes ball milling stoichiometric ratios of the MO and antimony oxide to form an intermixed powder.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating and reacting are done in an argon gas atmosphere.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is held at the first temperature for 10 minutes to 2 hours.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing further includes mixing a metal oxide of the formula M2O, where M2 is different from M and has an oxidation state of 2+, and the reacting forms M x M2 y Sb 2 O 4 with x and y summing to 1.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mixing further includes mixing a metal oxide of the formula M3O, where M3 is different from M and M2 and has an oxidation state of 2+, and the reacting forms M x M2 y M3 z Sb 2 O 4 with x, y, and z summing to 1.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimony oxide includes Sb 2 O 3 .

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is from 525° C. to 575° C.

13. A method of forming an anode active material comprising:
mixing a metal (M) acetate or acetate hydrate with an antimony oxide, where M has an oxidation state of 2+and is one of Zn, Fe, Mg, or Mn;
heating the mixture to a first temperature to remove oxygen and water from the mixture; and
reacting the mixture at a second temperature to form MSb 2 O 4 .

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixing includes ball milling stoichiometric ratios of the M acetate or acetate hydrate and antimony oxide to form an intermixed powder.

15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising forming an anode with the MSb 2 O 4 as an active material.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second temperature is from 450° C. to 750° C. and the mixture is held at the second temperature for a period of 5 to 25 hours.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the mixing further includes mixing a metal (M2) acetate or acetate hydrate, where M2 is different from M and has an oxidation state of 2+, and the reacting forms M x M2 y Sb 2 O 4 with x and y summing to 1.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mixing further includes mixing a metal (M3) acetate or acetate hydrate, where M3 is different from M and M2 and has an oxidation state of 2+, and the reacting forms M x M2 y M3 z Sb 2 O 4 with x, y, and z summing to 1.

19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second temperature is from 575° C. to 625° C.

Assignees

• Ford Global Tech Llc

Inventors

• Rhodes Kevin James

Classifications

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• C01G53/00

  Compounds of nickel · CPC title

• H01M4/505

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title

• C01G51/40

  Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element · CPC title

• C01G30/023

  of ammonium, alkali or alkaline-earth metals or magnesium · CPC title