Composites for carbon dioxide capture

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9718045-B2
Application number	US-201314371791-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 11, 2013
Priority date	Jan 11, 2012
Publication date	Aug 1, 2017
Grant date	Aug 1, 2017

Abstract

Composite materials and methods of preparing C0 2 capture include: (1) a porous solid support comprising a plurality of porous channels; and (2) a nucleophilic source associated with the porous channels of the porous solid support. The nucleophilic source is capable of converting the captured C0 2 to poly(C0 2 ). Methods of capturing C0 2 from an environment include associating the environment with the aforementioned composite materials to lead to the capture of C0 2 from the environment. Such methods may also include a step of releasing the captured C0 2 from the composite material. The associating step comprises a conversion of the captured C0 2 to poly(C0 2 ) in the composite material. A releasing step may also include a depolymerization of the formed poly(C0 2 ).

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of capturing CO 2 from an environment, wherein the method comprises:
contacting the environment with a composite material, wherein the composite material comprises:
a porous solid support comprising a plurality of porous channels, and
a nucleophilic source,
wherein the nucleophilic source is in contact with the porous channels of the porous solid support,
wherein the nucleophilic source is selected from the group consisting of sulfur-containing nucleophiles, metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, and combinations thereof, and

wherein the contacting leads to the capture of CO 2 from the environment; and

releasing the captured CO 2 from the composite material, wherein the releasing occurs under one or more of the following conditions:
conditions comprising a reduction of pressure;
conditions comprising temperatures that range from about 15° C. to about 30° C.;
conditions comprising the absence of heating; or
combinations thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting comprises converting CO 2 to poly(CO 2 ) in the composite material.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 is in a gaseous state prior to conversion to poly(CO 2 ).

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite material captures CO 2 from the environment at a ratio of at least about 35% of the composite material's weight.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the environment comprises at least one of an industrial gas stream, natural gas stream, or a flue gas stream.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at pressures that range from about 1 atm to about 100 atm.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at pressures of at least about 10 atm.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at temperatures that range from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the releasing comprises a reduction of pressure.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the pressure is reduced to less than about 10 atm.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the releasing occurs at temperatures that range from about 15° C. to about 30° C.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the releasing occurs in the absence of heating.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the releasing occurs without exposing the composite material to electrical current or an applied voltage.

14. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the contacting comprises converting CO 2 to poly(CO 2 ) in the composite material, and
wherein the releasing comprises a depolymerization of the formed poly(CO 2 ).

15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of reusing the composite material to capture CO 2 from an environment, wherein the reusing occurs after the releasing step.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous solid support is selected from the group consisting of mesoporous carbon sources, glass, glass materials made from silicon oxide, metals, metal oxides, sulfur, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, and combinations thereof.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous solid support comprises a mesoporous solid support.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the porous solid support comprises a mesoporous carbon source, wherein the mesoporous carbon source is selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbons, carbon black, porous carbon black, activated carbons, graphene, expanded graphite, graphene nanoribbons, CMK-3, CMK-1, CMK-5, MCM-41, hydroxide-treated carbons and combinations thereof.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source comprises a metal oxide.

20. The method of claim 19 , where the metal oxide comprises an iron oxide selected from the group consisting of FeO, α-Fe 2 O 3 , β-Fe 2 O 3 , γ-Fe 2 O 3 , ε-Fe 2 O 3 , Fe(OH) 2 , Fe(OH) 3 , α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, δ-FeOOH, Fe 5 HO 8 .nH 2 O, 5Fe 2 O 3 .nH 2 O, FeOOH.nH 2 O, Fe 8 O 8 (OH) 6 (SO 4 ).nH 2 O, Fe 3+ 16 O 16 (OH,SO 4 ) 12-13 .10-12H 2 O, Fe III x Fe II y (OH) 3x+2y−z (A − ) z ; where A − is Cl − or 0.5SO 4 2− , FeO(OH).nH 2 O, and combinations thereof.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source is in contact with the porous channels of the porous solid support through van der Waals interactions.

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source is in contact with the porous channels of the porous solid support through covalent bonds.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite material has a surface area of more than about 1,000 m 2 /g.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composite material has a surface area of at least about 2,500 m 2 /g.

25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capture of CO 2 comprises sorption of CO 2 to the composite material, wherein the sorption is selected from the group consisting of physisorption, chemisorption, absorption, adsorption and combinations thereof.

26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capture of CO 2 comprises absorption of CO 2 to the composite material.

27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source is selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal sulfides, metal selenides, and combinations thereof.

28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source is selected from the group consisting of Fe 3 O 4 , FeS, and combinations thereof.

29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleophilic source comprises Fe 3 O 4 .

30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the nucleophilic source to the porous solid support is 1:1.

Assignees

• Univ Rice William M
• William March Rice Univ

Inventors

• Tour James M
• Hwang Chih-Chau

Classifications

• B01J20/28078

  Pore diameter · CPC title

• B01J20/2808

  being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores · CPC title

• Y02C20/20

  of methane · CPC title

• B01D53/62

  Carbon oxides · CPC title

• Y02C10/06

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic