V2O5 electrodes with high power and energy densities

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9515310-B2
Application number	US-201313863066-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 15, 2013
Priority date	Oct 15, 2010
Publication date	Dec 6, 2016
Grant date	Dec 6, 2016

Abstract

Methods are provided for forming films of orthorhombic V 2 O 5 . Additionally provided are the orthorhombic V 2 O 5 films themselves, as well as batteries incorporating the films as cathode materials. The methods use electrodeposition from a precursor solution to form a V 2 O 5 sol gel on a substrate. The V 2 O 5 gel can be annealed to provide an orthorhombic V 2 O 5 film on the substrate. The V 2 O 5 film can be freestanding such that it can be removed from the substrate and integrated without binders or conductive filler into a battery as a cathode element. Due to the improved intercalation properties of the orthorhombic V 2 O 5 films, batteries formed using the V 2 O 5 films have extraordinarily high energy density, power density, and capacity.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of forming orthorhombic V 2 O 5 comprising the steps of:
(a) cathodically electrodepositing VO 2 from a precursor solution onto a substrate that is cathodic, to provide a plurality of V 4+ nucleation sites on the substrate, wherein the precursor solution comprises V 2 O 5 and hydrogen peroxide;
(b) depositing V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel from the precursor solution through catalyzed gelation at the V 4+ nucleation sites to provide a mixture of VO 2 and V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O on the substrate.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising annealing the mixture of VO 2 and V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O on the substrate to provide dehydrated orthorhombic V 2 O 5 on the substrate.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dehydrated orthorhombic V 2 O 5 is a freestanding, continuous film that can be removed from the substrate.

4. The method of claim 2 further comprising separating the dehydrated orthorhombic V 2 O 5 from the substrate to provide a freestanding, continuous orthorhombic V 2 O 5 film.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein annealing comprises heating to a temperature of at least 350° C.

6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dehydrated orthorhombic V 2 O 5 on the substrate is a porous V 2 O 5 film having a plurality of pores formed by tuning a deposition characteristic selected from the group consisting of an applied electrodeposition voltage and an applied electrodeposition current density.

7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the dehydrated orthorhombic V 2 O 5 on the substrate is a porous V 2 O 5 film having a plurality of pores formed by tuning a ratio of moles of hydrogen peroxide to V 2 O 5 of the precursor solution.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel comprises a plurality of particles mixed homogeneously within the V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel, wherein the method further comprises a step of annealing the V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel containing the plurality of particles at a temperature sufficient to remove the plurality of particles to provide a porous V 2 O 5 film.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel comprises a dopant selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Ag, Ti, Zn, Sn, and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the V 2 O 5 .nH 2 O gel comprises an impurity selected from the group consisting of Fe, C, Cr, Na, K, Ca, VO 3− , Cl − , V 3+ , V 4+ , and combinations thereof.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of fluorine-doped tin oxide, titanium, platinum, copper, aluminum, and stainless steel.

Assignees

• Univ Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization

Inventors

• Cao Guozhong
• Liu Yanyi

Classifications

• C25D9/00 Primary

  Electrolytic coating other than with metals (C25D11/00, C25D15/00 take precedence; electrophoretic coating C25D13/00) · CPC title

• H01M4/1391

  of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M4/485

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title

• Y02E60/122

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title