Analyte sensors having nanostructured electrodes and methods for making and using them

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9309550-B2
Application number	US-36141309-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 28, 2009
Priority date	Jan 29, 2008
Publication date	Apr 12, 2016
Grant date	Apr 12, 2016

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention provide analyte sensors having nanostructured electrodes as well as methods for making and using such sensors. In certain embodiments of the invention, the sensor includes a carbon nanotube electrode and a analyte limiting membrane that modulates the ability of a analyte to contact the carbon nanotube electrode.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of sensing glucose within the body of a mammal, the method comprising implanting a glucose sensor into a mammal, wherein the glucose sensor comprises:
a base layer;
a conductive layer disposed upon the base layer wherein the conductive layer includes a working electrode comprising a plurality of conductive nanotubes;
an analyte sensing layer comprising glucose oxidase disposed on the conductive nanotubes, wherein the glucose oxidase generates hydrogen peroxide in the presence of glucose; and
an analyte modulating layer disposed on the analyte sensing layer, wherein the analyte modulating layer:
modulates the diffusion of glucose therethrough; and
includes a composition of matter comprising a hydrophilic comb-copolymer having a central chain and a plurality of side chains coupled to the central chain, wherein at least one side chain comprises a silicone moiety; and

sensing an alteration in electrical potential at the working electrode that results from hydrogen peroxide produced by the glucose oxidase in the presence of glucose;
and correlating the alteration in electrical potential with the presence of glucose, so that glucose is sensed.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises sensing an alteration in electrical potential at a plurality of operating potentials.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte modulating layer has a glucose diffusion coefficient (D glucose ) of from 1×10 −9 cm 2 /sec to 200×10 −9 cm 2 /sec.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte modulating layer has a oxygen diffusion coefficient (D oxygen ) to glucose diffusion coefficient (D glucose ) ratio (D oxygen /D glucose ) of from 5 to 2000.

Assignees

• Cooper Kenneth W
• Vejella Ratnakar
• Soundararajan Gopikrishnan
• Shah Rajiv
• Medtronic Minimed Inc

Inventors

• Cooper Kenneth W
• Vejella Ratnakar
• Soundararajan Gopikrishnan
• Shah Rajiv

Classifications

• B82Y30/00

  Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites · CPC title

• A61B5/14532

  for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement · CPC title

• A61B5/6846

  specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive · CPC title

• A61B5/14865

  invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors · CPC title

• B82Y15/00

  Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors · CPC title