Functional hybrid powder as additive for electrochemical cells

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2024021787-A1
Application number	US-202217864279-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jul 13, 2022
Priority date	Jul 13, 2022
Publication date	Jan 18, 2024
Grant date	—

Abstract

A hybrid functional particle for use in an electrochemical cell that cycle lithium ions is provided. The hybrid functional particle includes a lithiated zeolite having a plurality of pores and a plurality of lithium-containing particles disposed within one or more pores of the plurality of pores of the lithiated zeolite. For example, the lithiated zeolite has a porosity ranging from about 10 vol. % to about 90 vol. %, and the lithium-containing particles can fill an amount ranging from about 1% to about 100% of a total porosity of the lithiated zeolite. The electrochemical cell includes first and second electrodes separated by a separating layer, and the hybrid functional particle may be disposed within one or both of the electrodes, coated on one or more sides of one or both of the electrodes, disposed within the separating layer, and/or coated on one or more surfaces of the separating layer.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A hybrid functional particle for use in an electrochemical cell that cycle lithium ions, the hybrid functional particle comprising:
a lithiated zeolite comprising a plurality of pores and having a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 90 vol. %; and a plurality of lithium-containing particles disposed within one or more pores of the plurality of pores lithiated zeolite, the lithium-containing particles filling greater than or equal to about 1% to less than or equal to about 100% of a total porosity of the lithiated zeolite.

2 . The hybrid functional particle of claim 1 , wherein the lithiated zeolite is defined by a zeolite framework and a plurality of cations dispersed therewithin, the zeolite framework being selected from the group consisting of: NAT, EDI, THO, ANA, YUG, GOO, MON, HEU, STI, BRE, FAU, MFI, LTL, LTA, and combinations thereof, the cations comprising Li + and NH 4 + ; and
the plurality of lithium-containing particles are selected from the group consisting of: lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ) particles, lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ) particles, lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ), and combinations thereof.

3 . The hybrid functional particle of claim 1 , comprising greater than or equal to about 5 wt. % to less than or equal to about 40 wt. % of the lithium-containing particles.

4 . The hybrid functional particle of claim 1 , having a particle size greater than or equal to about 100 nanometers to less than or equal about 10 micrometers, and a specific surface area greater than or equal to about 10 m 2 /g to less than or equal to about 500 m 2 /g.

5 . An electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions, the electrode assembly comprising:
a current collector; and an electroactive material layer disposed near or adjacent to the current collector, the electroactive material layer comprising:
a plurality of electroactive material particles; and
a plurality of hybrid functional particles, each of the hybrid functional particles having:
a lithiated zeolite comprising a plurality of pores and with a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 90 vol. %; and
a plurality of lithium-containing particles disposed within one or more pores of the plurality of pores of the lithiated zeolite, the lithium-containing particles filling greater than or equal to about 1% to less than or equal to about 100% of a total porosity of the lithiated zeolite.

6 . The electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the electroactive material layer comprises:
greater than or equal to about 90 wt. % to less than or equal to about 99.9 wt. % of the electroactive material particles; and greater than or equal to about 0.1 wt. % to less than or equal to about 10 wt. % of the hybrid functional particles.

7 . The electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the lithiated zeolite is defined by a zeolite framework and a plurality of cations dispersed therewithin, the zeolite framework being selected from the group consisting of: NAT, EDI, THO, ANA, YUG, GOO, MON, HEU, STI, BRE, FAU, MFI, LTL, LTA, and combinations thereof, the cations comprising Li + and NH 4 + ; and
the plurality of lithium-containing particles are selected from the group consisting of: lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ) particles, lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ) particles, lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium peroxide (Li 2 O 2 ), and combinations thereof.

8 . The electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the hybrid functional particle comprises greater than or equal to about 5 wt. % to less than or equal to about 40 wt. % of the lithium-containing particles.

9 . The electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the hybrid functional particle has a particle size greater than or equal to about 100 nanometers to less than or equal about 10 micrometers, and a specific surface area greater than or equal to about 10 m 2 /g to less than or equal to about 500 m 2 /g.

10 . The electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of hybrid functional particles is a first plurality of hybrid functional particles, the lithiated zeolite is a first lithiated zeolite, the lithium-containing particles are first lithium-containing particles, and the electrode further comprises:
a protective layer having an average thickness greater than or equal to about 100 nanometers to less than or equal to about 100 micrometers disposed on one or more surfaces of the electroactive material layer, the protective layer comprising a second plurality of hybrid functional particles, the second plurality of hybrid functional particles having:
a second lithiated zeolite comprising a plurality of pores and with a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 90 vol. %, the second lithiated zeolite being the same as or different from the first lithiated zeolite; and
a plurality of second lithium-containing particles disposed within one or more pores of the plurality of pores of the second lithiated zeolite, the second lithium-containing particles filling greater than or equal to about 1% to less than or equal to about 100% of a total porosity of the second lithiated zeolite, the second lithium-containing particles being the same as or different from the first lithium-containing particles.

11 . The electrode of claim 5 , wherein the electroactive material layer has a first surface adjacent to the current collector with a first concentration of the hybrid particles and a second surface opposite from the first surface having a second concentration of the hybrid particles, wherein the first and second concentrations are different and there is a gradient of the hybrid functional particles in the electroactive material layer from the first surface to the second surface.

12 . An electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions, the electrochemical cell comprising:
a positive electrode comprising a plurality of positive electroactive material particles; a negative electrode comprising a negative electroactive material; and a separating layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and having a ceramic coating disposed one or more surfaces of the separating layer, the ceramic coating comprising:
a plurality of hybrid functional particles, each of the hybrid functional particles having:
a lithiated zeolite comprising a plurality of pores and with a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 90 vol. %; and
a plurality of lithium-containing particles disposed within one or more pores of the plurality of pore of the lithiated zeolite, the lithium-containing particles filling greater than or equal to about 1% to less than or equal to about 100% of a total porosity of the lithiated zeolite.

13 . The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the ceramic coating has an average thickness greater than or equal to about 100 nanometers to less than or equal to about 100 micrometers.

14 . The electrochemical cell of claim 12 , wherein the lithiated zeolite is defined by zeolite framework and a plurality of cations dispersed therewithin, the zeolite framework being selected from the group consisting of: NAT, EDI, THO, ANA, YUG, GOO, MON, HEU, STI, BRE, FAU, MFI, LTL, LTA, and combinations thereof, the cations comprising Li + and NH4 + ; and
the plurality of lithium-containing particles are selected from the group consisting of: lithium phosphate (Li 3 PO 4 ) particles, lithium nitrate (LiNO 3 ) particles, lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium oxide (Li 2 O), li

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Xiao Xingcheng
• Cai Mei
• Zhao Yifan

Classifications

• H01M4/364 Primary

  as mixtures · CPC title

• H01M4/5825 Primary

  Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M50/449

  having a layered structure · CPC title