Energy storage devices and components including aqueous oxyanion electrolytes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2023253599-A1
Application number	US-202218049957-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 26, 2022
Priority date	Oct 29, 2021
Publication date	Aug 10, 2023
Grant date	—

Abstract

Systems, methods, and device of the various embodiments may support energy storage devices in which electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

First claim

1 . An energy storage device, comprising:
at least one electrode configured such that electrochemical oxidation and reduction of one or more redox-active oxyanions occurs during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

2 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more redox-active oxyanions comprise nitrate (NO 3 2− ), nitrite (NO 2 2− ), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), sulfite (SO 3 2− ), hyposulfite (SO 2 2− ), phosphate (PO 4 3− ), phosphite (PO 3 3− ), hypophosphite (PO 2 3− ), peroxodisulfate (S 2 O 8 2− ), ammonia (NH 3 ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), S 2 − , HS 2 , chlorite (ClO 2 − ), chlorate (ClO 3 − ), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), or hypochlorite (ClO − ).

3 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is configured such that electrochemical conversions between nitrate, nitrite, and/or ammonia occur during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

4 . The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the electrode comprises an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lithium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, lithium nitrite, or mixtures thereof.

5 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is configured such that electrochemical conversions between sulfate, sulfite, hyposulfite, thiosulfate, dithionite, and/or hydrogen sulfide occur during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

6 . The energy storage device of claim 5 , wherein the electrode comprises an aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, or mixtures thereof.

7 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is configured such that electrochemical conversions between phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite occur during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

8 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphite, diammonium hydrogen phosphite, or mixtures thereof.

9 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more redox-active oxyanions comprise nitrate and/or nitrite anions.

10 . The energy storage device of any of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises a bifunctional air electrode configured to perform oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions.

11 . The energy storage device of any of claim 1 , wherein the electrode comprises a dual electrode configuration comprising:
an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrode; and an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode separate from the ORR electrode.

12 . The energy storage device of any of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is a cathode that comprises a cathode active material selected from iron (III)/iron (II) cations, molecular chlorine/chloride, molecular bromine/bromide, manganese (II) oxide/manganese (II) hydroxide, or any combination thereof.

13 . (canceled)

14 . The energy storage device of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more biomolecules, one or more enzymes, and/or one or more microorganisms disposed within the energy storage device, wherein the one or more biomolecules, the one or more enzymes, and/or the one or more microorganisms aid in oxidation and/or reduction of the one or more redox-active oxyanions during charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.

15 . The energy storage device of claim 14 , wherein the one or more biomolecules, the one or more enzymes, and/or the one or more microorganisms disposed within the energy storage device are at least one microorganism.

16 . The energy storage device of claim 15 , wherein the at least one microorganism is a bacteria.

17 . The energy storage device of claim 16 , wherein the bacteria is a sulphate-reducing bacteria.

18 . The energy storage device of any of claim 1 , wherein the energy storage device is a flow battery.

19 . An energy storage device, comprising:
negative electrode materials comprising sulfate and sulfite; and positive electrode materials comprising oxygen, wherein the energy storage device is configured to be rechargeable.

20 - 21 . (canceled)

Assignees

• Form Energy Inc

Inventors

• Woodford William Henry
• Chiang Yet-Ming
• Raman Kailash
• Su Liang
• Chiang Merrill K

Classifications

• H01M8/16 Primary

  Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts · CPC title

• H01M12/08

  composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type · CPC title

• H01M8/188

  by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/90

  Selection of catalytic material · CPC title

• Y02E60/50

  Fuel cells · CPC title