Electrodes for alkaline iron batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2022223845-A1
Application number	US-202217574158-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jan 12, 2022
Priority date	Jan 13, 2021
Publication date	Jul 14, 2022
Grant date	—

Abstract

Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a zinc sulfide additive, wherein the zinc sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include a battery electrode, comprising: an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a manganese sulfide additive, wherein the manganese sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic manganese sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode; and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic zinc sulfide. Various embodiments may include an iron electrode battery, comprising: an iron electrode and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic manganese sulfide.

First claim

1 . A battery electrode, comprising:
an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a zinc sulfide additive, wherein the zinc sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic zinc sulfide.

2 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide has a high degree of crystallinity as measured by at least one metric.

3 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein at least 50 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

4 . The electrode of claim 3 , wherein at least 75 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

5 . The electrode of claim 4 , wherein at least 90 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

6 . The electrode of claim 5 , wherein 95 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

7 . The electrode of claim 16 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (111) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 28.6 degrees with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of less than 0.6±0.1 degree.

8 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (111) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 28.6 degrees with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of less than 0.45±0.1 degree.

9 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (111) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 28.6 degrees with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of less than 0.3±0.1 degree.

10 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (220) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 47.6 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.5±0.1 degree.

11 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (220) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 47.6 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.35±0.1 degree.

12 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (220) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 47.6 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.2±0.1 degree.

13 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (311) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 56.4 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.6±0.1 degree.

14 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (311) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 56.4 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.45±0.1 degree.

15 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (311) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 56.4 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.35±0.1 degree.

16 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (200) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 33.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.6±0.1 degree.

17 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (200) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 33.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.45±0.1 degree.

18 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (200) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 33.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.3±0.1 degree.

19 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak for cubic ZnS with Miller indices (200) as determined by Rietveld refinement at 33.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.2±0.1 degree.

20 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is present in the electrode as particles of between 0.1 micron and 500 micron in size.

21 . The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is present in an amount of between 0.01% and 20% by weight with respect to weight of the iron active material.

22 . An iron electrode battery, comprising:
an iron electrode; and a sulfide reservoir separate from the iron electrode, the sulfide reservoir comprising crystalline cubic zinc sulfide.

23 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide has a high degree of crystallinity as measured by at least one metric.

24 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein at least 50 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

25 . The battery of claim 24 , wherein at least 75 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

26 . The battery of claim 25 , wherein at least 90 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

27 . The battery of claim 26 , wherein at least 95 mass % of the zinc sulfide additive is in the form of cubic zinc sulfide.

28 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero x-ray diffraction (XRD) peak at 28.6±0.1 degrees with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of less than 0.4±0.1 degree.

29 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak at 47.6±0.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.5±0.1 degree.

30 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is characterized by a non-zero XRD peak at 56.4±0.1 degrees with an FWHM value of less than 0.6±0.1 degree.

31 . The battery of claim 22 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is present in the electrode as particles of between 0.1 micron and 500 micron in size.

32 . The battery of claim 31 , wherein the crystalline cubic zinc sulfide is present in an amount of between 0.01% and 20% by weight of the iron active material.

33 . The battery of claim 32 , wherein the battery is a selected from the group consisting of an iron-air battery, a nickel-iron battery, and an iron-manganese dioxide battery.

34 . The battery of claim 33 , comprising an electrolyte having a sulfide concentration selected from the range of 0.01±20% mmol/L to 10±20% mmol/L during operation of said battery.

35 . A battery electrode, comprising:
an iron electrode body comprising iron active material and a manganese sulfide additive, wherein the manganese sulfide additive comprises crystalline cubic manganese sulfide.

36 . The electrode of claim 35 , wherein the crystalline cubic manganese sulfide has a high degree of crystallinity as measured by at least one metric.

37 . The electrode of claim 35 , wh

Assignees

• Form Energy Inc

Inventors

• Yang Chenguang
• Mchardy Lang J
• Thompson Annelise Christine
• Chakraborty Rupak

Classifications

• H01M4/06

  Electrodes for primary cells · CPC title

• H01M4/9041

  Metals or alloys (H01M4/92 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M8/18

  Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells · CPC title

• H01M6/04

  Cells with aqueous electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/08

  Selection of materials as electrolytes · CPC title