Rechargeable metal halide battery with intercalation anode

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2022013778-A1
Application number	US-202016927815-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jul 13, 2020
Priority date	Jul 13, 2020
Publication date	Jan 13, 2022
Grant date	—

Abstract

A metal halide battery includes an intercalation anode, a cathode that includes a metal halide incorporated into an electrically conductive material, an oxidizing gas, and an electrolyte in contact with the intercalation anode, the cathode, and the oxidizing gas. The battery has a cycle life reaching 1000 cycles at a current density that enables the battery to charge within 10-15 minutes. Electrolytes that may be used in the metal halide batteries include (i) carbonate ester-based compounds with at least one ethyl group and an ion-conducting salt and/or (ii) at least one cyclic ester compound.

First claim

We claim:

1 . A battery, comprising:
an intercalation anode; a cathode comprising a metal halide incorporated into an electrically conductive material; an oxidizing gas; and an electrolyte in contact with the intercalation anode, the cathode, and the oxidizing gas.

2 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the intercalation anode is selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphene, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), silicon, silicon alloys, silicon-carbon composites, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ), molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and combinations thereof.

3 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the intercalation anode comprises graphite.

4 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal halide of the cathode comprises (i) a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg + , Zn + , Al + , Na + , and combinations thereof; and (ii) a halide ion selected from the group consisting of I − , Br − , Cl − , F − , and combinations thereof.

5 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is a conversion cathode selected from the group consisting of: lithium iodide (LiI), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium fluoride (LF), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium iodide (NaI 2 ), nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ), zinc bromide (ZnBr 2 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ), and combinations thereof.

6 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon paper, carbon foam, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphite sheets, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, and combinations thereof.

7 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and combinations thereof.

8 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises:
(i) a carbonate ester-based compound with at least one ethyl group; and (ii) an ion-conducting salt comprising a metal cation [M] + and an anion [X] − having a chemical formula of [M] + [X] − , wherein the metal cation [M] + is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Na + , and combinations thereof.

9 . The battery of claim 8 , wherein the carbonate ester-based compound includes at least two ethyl groups.

10 . The battery of claim 8 , wherein the carbonate ester-based compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dibutyl carbonate (DBC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), ethyl butyl carbonate (EBC), ethyl salicylate carbonate (ESC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), allyl methyl carbonate (AMC), dodecyl ethyl carbonate (DDEC), diethyl decarbonate (DEDC), and combinations thereof.

11 . The battery of claim 8 , wherein the metal cation [M] + is Li + .

12 . The battery of claim 8 , wherein the anion [X] − is selected from the group consisting of nitrate (NO 3 − ), hexafluorophosphate (PF 6 − ), tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 − ), bisoxalato borate (BOB − ), difluorooxalato borate (DFOB − ), trifluoromethanesulfonate (TF − ), trifluoromethanesulfonylimide (TFSI − ), fluorosulfonylimide (FSI − ), and combinations thereof.

13 . The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises at least one cyclic ester compound.

14 . The battery of claim 13 , wherein the at least one cyclic ester compound has a weight percent concentration in the electrolyte between 5% and 20%.

15 . The battery of claim 13 , wherein the at least one cyclic ester compound is selected from the group consisting of beta-propiolactone (BPL), beta-butyrolactone (BBL), alpha-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone (AMGBL), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), gamma-valerolactone (GVL), delta-valerolactone (DVL), gamma-caprolactone (GCL), epsilon-caprolactone (ECL), gamma-octanolactone (GOL), gamma-nanolactone (GNL), gamma-decanolactone (GDL), delta-decanolactone (DDL), gamma-undecanolactone (GUL), delta-undecanolactone (DUL), delta-dodecanolactone (DDDL), and combinations thereof.

16 . The battery of claim 13 , wherein the at least one cyclic ester compound is gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and/or epsilon-caprolactone (ECL).

17 . A battery, comprising:
an intercalation anode; a cathode comprising a metal halide incorporated into an electrically conductive material; an oxidizing gas; and an electrolyte comprising (i) a carbonate ester-based compound with at least one ethyl group and (ii) an ion-conducting salt comprising a metal cation [M] + and an anion [X] − having a chemical formula of [M] + [X] − , wherein the electrolyte is in contact with the intercalation anode, the cathode, and the oxidizing gas.

18 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the intercalation anode is selected from the group consisting of graphite, graphene, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), silicon, silicon alloys, silicon-carbon composites, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ), molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and combinations thereof.

19 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the intercalation anode comprises graphite.

20 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the metal halide of the cathode comprises (i) a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg + , Zn + , Al + , Na + , and combinations thereof; and (ii) a halide ion selected from the group consisting of I − , Br − , Cl − , F − , and combinations thereof.

21 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the cathode is a conversion cathode selected from the group consisting of: lithium iodide (LiI), lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium iodide (NaI 2 ), nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ), zinc bromide (ZnBr 2 ), zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ), and combinations thereof.

22 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon paper, carbon foam, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, amorphous carbon, graphite sheets, graphene, reduced graphene oxide, and combinations thereof.

23 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the oxidizing gas is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, air, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and combinations thereof.

24 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the carbonate ester-based compound of the electrolyte includes at least two ethyl groups.

25 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the carbonate ester-based compound of the electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dibutyl carbonate (DBC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), ethyl butyl carbonate (EBC), ethyl salicylate carbonate (ESC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), allyl methyl carbonate (AMC), dodecyl ethyl carbonate (DDEC), diethyl decarbonate (DEDC), and combinations thereof.

26 . The battery of claim 17 , wherein the metal cation [M] + of the electrolyte ion-conducting salt is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Mg

Assignees

• IBM

Inventors

• Kim Jangwoo
• Tek Andy Theodora

Classifications

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title