Solid electrolyte membrane and solid-state battery comprising the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2021367263-A1
Application number	US-201917056683-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 14, 2019
Priority date	Jun 15, 2018
Publication date	Nov 25, 2021
Grant date	—

Abstract

A solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery and a battery comprising the same is provided. The battery may comprise lithium metal as a negative electrode active material. The solid electrolyte membrane comprises an inhibiting layer, which is preferably capable of inhibiting growth of lithium dendrite, because it includes an effective amount of a dendrite growth-inhibiting material, which is capable of ionizing lithium deposited in the form of metal. Thus, when lithium metal is used as a negative electrode for a solid-state battery comprising the solid electrolyte membrane, it is possible to delay and/or inhibit growth of lithium dendrite, and thus to effectively prevent an electrical short-circuit caused by dendrite growth.

First claim

1 . A solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery which has an ion conductivity of 1×10 −7 S/cm or more, and comprises at least one inhibiting layer comprising (a) a dendrite growth-inhibiting material,
wherein (a); and the dendrite growth-inhibiting material comprises (a1) at least one metal having a lower ionization tendency as compared to lithium, or (a2) at least one alloy comprising two or more metals having a lower ionization tendency as compared to lithium; and
further wherein the metal or the alloy is present in the inhibiting layer in the form of a salt thereof or ion thereof.

2 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , wherein the inhibiting layer is patterned with a plurality of pattern units comprising the dendrite growth-inhibiting material, and the pattern units are distributed regularly or randomly in the inhibiting layer.

3 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 2 , wherein the inhibiting layer further comprises a copolymer to which the dendrite growth-inhibiting material is chemically bound, wherein the inhibiting layer has a micropattern derived from self-assemblage of the copolymer; wherein the copolymer comprises at least one functional group capable of being bound chemically with the dendrite growth-inhibiting material; and wherein the dendrite growth-inhibiting material is chemically bound with the copolymer by means of the functional group.

4 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 3 , wherein the inhibiting layer has a shape comprising micelles aligned in a hexagonal close-packed structure by the self-assemblage of the copolymer.

5 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one functional group is at least one of selected from the group consisting of an ether and an amine.

6 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 3 , wherein the copolymer comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer, poly(1,4-isoprene)-block-polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer and polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide) copolymer.

7 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of K, Sr, Ca, Na, Mg, Be, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr(+3), Fe, Cd, Co, Ni, Sn, Ph, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pd, Ir, Pt(+2), Au and Pt(±4).

8 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , wherein the dendrite growth-inhibiting material comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Au and Pt.

9 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is in the form of a salt, and wherein the salt comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of chloride, iodide, cyanide, bromide, sulfide, hydroxide, phosphite and chloride hydrate.

10 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , which comprises two or more solid electrolyte layers and one or more inhibiting layer, wherein the inhibiting layer is disposed between the solid electrolyte layers.

11 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 10 , which comprises a first solid electrolyte layer, an inhibiting layer and a second solid electrolyte layer, stacked successively.

12 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the solid electrolyte layers comprises the dendrite growth-inhibiting material, and the content (wt %) of the dendrite growth-inhibiting material in each solid electrolyte layer is smaller than that of the dendrite growth-inhibiting material comprised in the inhibiting layer.

13 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 1 , which further comprises an ion conductive solid electrolyte material, and the ion conductive solid electrolyte material comprises a polymeric solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte or a mixture thereof.

14 . The solid electrolyte membrane for a solid-state battery according to claim 13 , wherein the polymeric solid electrolyte comprises a polymer resin and a solvated lithium salt.

15 . An electrochemical device which is a solid-state battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a solid electrolyte membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte membrane is interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and wherein the negative electrode comprises lithium metal.

16 . The electrochemical device according to claim 15 , wherein the solid electrolyte membrane comprises a first solid electrolyte layer, an inhibiting layer and a second solid electrolyte layer, stacked successively,
wherein the first solid electrolyte layer comprises a dendrite growth-inhibiting material; and further wherein the dendrite growth-inhibiting material comprises (a1) at least one metal having a lower ionization tendency as compared to lithium, or (a2) at least one alloy comprising two or more metals having a lower ionization tendency as compared to lithium.

Assignees

• Lg Chemical Ltd

Inventors

• Lee Jung-Pil
• Kang Sung-Joong
• Kim Eun-Bee
• Ryu Ji-Hoon
• Lee Suk-Woo
• Lee Jae-Hyun

Classifications

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/382

  Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/056 Primary

  characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes · CPC title

• H01M2300/0091

  in the form of mixtures · CPC title

• H01M4/628

  Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors · CPC title