Thin-film lithium ion battery with fast charging speed

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2019051930-A1
Application number	US-201715675296-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Aug 11, 2017
Priority date	Aug 11, 2017
Publication date	Feb 14, 2019
Grant date	—

Abstract

A solid-state lithium-based battery having fast charging and recharging speeds (above 3 C) is provided by including a nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer between the lithiated cathode material layer and the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer. The nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer can be formed by introducing nitrogen into a lithiated cathode material. The nitrogen can be introduced during the final stage of a deposition process or by utilizing a different process, such as, for example, thermal nitridation, than a deposition process.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A solid-state lithium-based battery comprising:
a bottom electrode; a battery material stack located a surface of the bottom electrode, wherein the battery material stack includes a lithiated cathode material layer, a nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer located on the lithiated cathode material layer, a lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer located on the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer; and a top electrode located on the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer of the battery material stack.

2 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 1 , further comprising an anode material located between the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer and the top electrode.

3 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 2 , further comprising a lithiated nitrogen-rich interfacial layer located between the anode material and the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer.

4 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 1 , further comprising an air and/or moisture impermeable structure located on physically exposed surfaces of the bottom electrode and surrounding the battery material stack.

5 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithiated cathode material layer, the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer and the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer have sidewall surfaces that are vertically aligned with each other.

6 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 5 , wherein the top electrode has sidewall surfaces that are vertically aligned to the sidewall surfaces of the lithiated cathode material layer, the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer and the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer.

7 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer is composed of a same material as the lithiated cathode material layer.

8 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 7 , wherein the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer contains a nitrogen content of from 0.1 percent to 25 percent.

9 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 7 , wherein the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer and the lithiated cathode material layer are both composed of LiCoO 2 , and the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer is composed of LiPON.

10 . The solid-state lithium-based battery of claim 8 , wherein the bottom electrode is composed of a stack of titanium (Ti), platinum (Pt) and titanium, and the top electrode is composed of a stack of nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu).

11 . A method of forming a solid-state lithium-based battery, the method comprising:
forming a patterned sacrificial material on a surface of a bottom electrode, wherein the patterned sacrificial material contains an opening that physically exposes a portion of the surface of the bottom electrode; forming a lithiated cathode material layer on the patterned sacrificial material and on the physically exposed portion of the surface of the bottom electrode in the opening, wherein the lithiated cathode material layer includes a nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer; forming a lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer on the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer; forming a top electrode on the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer; and performing a lift-off process to remove the patterned sacrificial material and materials formed on the patterned sacrificial material from the bottom electrode, while maintaining a material stack on the physically exposed portion of the surface of the bottom electrode, wherein the stack includes a remaining portion of each of the lithiated cathode material layer, the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer, the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer, and the top electrode.

12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising charging or recharging the solid-state lithium-based battery, wherein during the charging or recharging a lithium accumulation layer forms between the lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer and the top electrode.

13 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising forming an air and/or moisture impermeable structure located on physically exposed surfaces of the bottom electrode and surrounding the battery material stack.

14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the forming the lithiated cathode material layer including the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer comprises:
depositing a lithiated cathode material; and introducing nitrogen into an upper portion of the lithiated cathode material.

15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the introducing the nitrogen comprises a thermal process, a plasma process, a gas cluster ion beam process, an ion beam process or an ion implantation process.

16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the introducing the nitrogen comprises adding nitrogen into a precursor source used for the depositing the lithiated cathode material.

17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the nitrogen-enriched lithiated cathode material surface layer is composed of a same material as the lithiated cathode material layer.

18 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
forming a lithiated nitrogen-rich interfacial layer on said lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer; and forming an anode material on said lithiated nitrogen-rich interfacial layer.

19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein said forming the lithiated nitrogen-rich interfacial layer comprises introducing nitrogen into an upper portion of said lithium-based solid-state electrolyte layer, wherein said introducing comprises a thermal process, a plasma process, a gas cluster ion beam process, an ion beam process or an ion implantation process.

20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein said forming the lithiated nitrogen-rich interfacial layer comprises a deposition process.

Assignees

• IBM

Inventors

• De Souza Joel P
• Lee Yun Seog
• Sadana Devendra K

Classifications

• H01M4/0404 Primary

  by coating on electrode collectors · CPC title

• H01M4/0459

  Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/0407

  by coating on an electrolyte layer · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title