Phase and ground protection using tilt-limited adaptive quadrilateral characteristic

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016334469-A1
Application number	US-201514710232-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 12, 2015
Priority date	May 12, 2015
Publication date	Nov 17, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A quadrilateral distance module may be used to detect faults in an electrical power system. A resistive coverage of the quadrilateral distance module may be defined by an adaptive resistance blinder. Tilt of the adaptive reactance element and resistance blinders may be limited. When an angle between the sequence-component based, current polarizing quantity and the element loop current does not exceed a predetermined angle threshold, the sequence-component based polarizing quantity may be used. Otherwise, the element loop current may be used to limit the tilt. Fault detection may comprise comparing both the adaptive resistance blinders for forward and reverse load flow conditions to power system stimulus and detecting a fault when the stimulus satisfy either blinder.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . An apparatus to protect an electrical power system comprising:
a quadrilateral distance module configured to detect a fault in an electric power system using a quadrilateral characteristic, the quadrilateral distance module comprising:
an angle difference module configured to receive a current polarizing quantity and a loop current quantity, calculate an angle between the current polarizing quantity and the loop current quantity, and compare the angle between the current polarizing quantity and the loop current quantity with a predetermined threshold; and,
a phase comparator module configured to detect a fault in the electrical power system using the current polarizing quantity and an operating quantity when the angle difference module determines that the angle between the current polarizing quantity and the loop current quantity does not exceed a predetermined threshold
wherein the quadrilateral distance module is further configured to receive a stimulus from the electrical power system and to compare the stimulus to the quadrilateral characteristic to detect the fault.

2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the current polarizing quantity comprises at least one of a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity, a positive-sequence current polarizing quantity, a zero-sequence current polarizing quantity, and a sum of positive-sequence and zero-sequence current polarizing quantities.

3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the loop current quantity comprises at least one of a phase-to-phase loop current and a phase-to-ground loop current.

4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the phase comparator module comprises a reactance module.

5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the phase comparator module comprises a resistance module.

6 . An apparatus to protect an electrical power system, comprising:
a quadrilateral distance module configured to detect a fault in an electric power system using a quadrilateral characteristic, the quadrilateral distance module comprising:
a phase comparator to define a quadrilateral characteristic comprising an adaptive reactance element and an adaptive resistance blinder;
a tilt-limiting module to define a polarizing quantity used by the phase comparator, as:
a polarizing current quantity when an angle between the polarizing current quantity and a corresponding loop current quantity does not exceed a predetermined threshold; and,
a self-polarizing quantity when the angle exceeds the predetermined angle and

wherein the quadrilateral distance module is configured to detect the fault in the electrical power system using the quadrilateral characteristic and stimulus obtained from the electrical power system.

7 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the self-polarizing quantity comprises the corresponding loop current quantity.

8 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a reactance element; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity.

9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-phase loop current.

10 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a positive-sequence current polarizing quantity.

11 . The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-phase loop current

12 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity.

13 . The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-phase loop current.

14 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a reactance element; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a zero-sequence current polarizing quantity.

15 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

16 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a reactance element; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity.

17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

18 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a zero-sequence current polarizing quantity.

19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

20 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity.

21 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

22 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a composite of a positive-sequence and a zero-sequence current polarizing quantity.

23 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

24 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:
the quadrilateral characteristic comprises a resistance blinder; and, the polarizing current quantity comprises a composite of a positive-sequence and a negative-sequence current polarizing quantity.

25 . The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

26 . An apparatus to protect an electric power system, comprising:
a phase quadrilateral distance module configured to detect a fault in an electric power system using a quadrilateral characteristic, the phase quadrilateral distance module comprising:
a phase comparator to define an adaptive quadrilateral element comprising an adaptive reactance element and an adaptive resistance blinder; and,
a tilt-limiting module to define a polarizing quantity used by the phase comparator as a polarizing current quantity when an angle between the polarizing current quantity and a corresponding loop current quantity does not exceed a predetermined threshold, and to disable the phase comparator when the angle is greater than the predetermined threshold;
wherein the quadrilateral distance module is configured to detect the fault in the electrical power system by comparing the quadrilateral characteristic and a stimulus obtained from the electrical power system.

27 . The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the phase comparator comprises a reactance element and the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-phase loop current.

28 . The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the phase comparator comprises a resistance blinder and the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-phase loop current.

29 . The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the phase comparator comprises a reactance blinder and the corresponding loop current comprises a phase-to-ground loop current.

30 . The apparatus of claim 26 , wherein the phas

Assignees

• Schweitzer Engineering Lab Inc

Inventors

• Calero Jorge Fernando
• Guzman-Casillas Armando

Classifications

• H02H3/402

  using homopolar quantities · CPC title

• H02H7/26

  Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured (locating faults in cables G01R31/08) · CPC title

• H02H3/40

  responsive to ratio of voltage and current · CPC title

• H02H3/042 Primary

  combined with means for locating the fault (locating faults in cables G01R31/08) · CPC title

• G01R19/2513

  Arrangements for monitoring electric power systems, e.g. power lines or loads; Logging · CPC title