Electronic devices and methods of operating the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12405851-B2
Application number	US-202418420877-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 24, 2024
Priority date	Jul 26, 2023
Publication date	Sep 2, 2025
Grant date	Sep 2, 2025

Abstract

An electronic device may include a reception circuit configured to generate a plurality of reception data bits based on a voltage level of an analog signal received through a link, and to generate a plurality of bit reliability values indicating probabilities of error occurrence of the plurality of reception data bits based on the voltage level of the analog signal, an alignment circuit configured to group the plurality of reception data bits into a plurality of error correction code (ECC) symbols, and to generate a plurality of symbol reliability values indicating probabilities of error occurrence of the plurality of ECC symbols based on the plurality of bit reliability values, and a decoding circuit configured to correct errors of the plurality of ECC symbols based on the plurality of symbol reliability values.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An electronic device comprising:
a reception circuit configured to generate a plurality of reception data bits based on a voltage level of an analog signal received through a link, and configured to generate a plurality of bit reliability values indicating probabilities of error occurrence of the plurality of reception data bits based on the voltage level of the analog signal;
an alignment circuit configured to group the plurality of reception data bits into a plurality of error correction code (ECC) symbols, and configured to generate a plurality of symbol reliability values indicating probabilities of error occurrence of the plurality of ECC symbols based on the plurality of bit reliability values; and
a decoding circuit configured to correct errors of the plurality of ECC symbols based on the plurality of symbol reliability values.

2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the reception circuit includes:
an analog-digital converter configured to convert the voltage level of the analog signal to a reception digital value;
a hard decision circuit configured to generate the plurality of reception data bits based on a comparison of the reception digital value with a plurality of hard decision reference values; and
a soft decision circuit configured to generate the plurality of bit reliability values based on a comparison of the reception digital value with a plurality of soft decision reference values indicating a plurality of error decision ranges where each error decision range is centered on each hard decision reference value.

3. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the soft decision circuit is configured to determine each bit reliability value of the plurality of bit reliability values as a first value indicating a high probability of error occurrence when the reception digital value is included in the plurality of error decision ranges, and determine each bit reliability value of the plurality of bit reliability values as a second value indicating a low probability of error occurrence when the reception digital value is not included in the plurality of error decision ranges.

4. The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the alignment circuit is configured to determine each symbol reliability value corresponding to each ECC symbol as a third value indicating each ECC symbol being an error symbol candidate of a high probability of error occurrence when at least one of the plurality of bit reliability values corresponding to each ECC symbol has the first value, and determine each symbol reliability value corresponding to each ECC symbol as a fourth value indicating each ECC symbol being a symbol of a low probability of error occurrence when all of the plurality of bit reliability values corresponding to each ECC symbol have the second value.

5. The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the reception circuit is configured to adjust the plurality of soft decision reference values indicating the plurality of error decision ranges based on a number of error symbol candidates corresponding to the third value.

6. The electronic device of claim 5 , wherein the reception circuit is configured to adjust the plurality of soft decision reference values such that each error decision range of the plurality of error decision ranges is decreased, when the number of the error symbol candidates corresponding to the third value is greater than a reference number, and wherein the reception circuit is configured adjust the plurality of soft decision reference values such that each error decision range of the plurality of error decision ranges is increased, when the number of the error symbol candidates corresponding to the third value is smaller than the reference number.

7. The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein each error decision range of the plurality of error decision ranges corresponds to a range between an upper soft decision reference value and a lower soft decision reference value where the upper soft decision reference value is greater by a threshold value than each hard decision reference value and the lower soft decision reference value is smaller by the threshold value than each hard decision reference value.

8. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the alignment circuit is configured to generate a synchronization location value indicating a location of a data block based on monitoring of a data pattern included in the plurality of reception data bits where the data block indicates a unit of error correction of the decoding circuit, wherein the alignment circuit is configured to group the plurality of reception data bits into the plurality of ECC symbols based on the synchronization location value, and wherein the alignment circuit is configured to group the plurality of bit reliability values into a plurality of reliability symbols aligned to the plurality of ECC symbols based on the synchronization location value.

9. The electronic device of claim 8 , wherein the alignment circuit is configured to generate each symbol reliability value indicating a probability of error occurrence of each ECC symbol by performing a logic OR operation on bit reliability values included in each reliability symbol.

10. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the reception circuit includes:
a hard decision circuit configured to generate the plurality of reception data bits based on a comparison of the voltage level of the analog signal with a plurality of hard decision reference voltages; and
a soft decision circuit configured to generate the plurality of bit reliability values based on a comparison of the voltage level of the analog signal with a plurality of soft decision reference voltages indicating a plurality of error decision ranges where each error decision range is centered on each hard decision reference voltage.

11. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the reception circuit includes:
an analog-digital converter configured to convert the voltage level of the analog signal to a reception digital value;
a hard decision circuit configured to generate the plurality of reception data bits based on a comparison of the reception digital value with a plurality of hard decision reference values;
a main soft decision circuit configured to generate a plurality of main bit reliability values based on a comparison of the reception digital value with a plurality of main soft decision reference values indicating a plurality of main error decision ranges where each main error decision range is centered on each hard decision reference value; and
a sub soft decision circuit configured to generate a plurality of sub bit reliability values based on a comparison of the reception digital value with a plurality of sub soft decision reference values indicating a plurality of sub error decision ranges where each sub error decision range is broader than each main error decision range.

12. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the alignment circuit is configured to provide the plurality of ECC symbols and the plurality of symbol reliability values aligned to the plurality of ECC symbols to the decoding circuit regardless of failure of error correction of the decoding circuit.

13. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the link conforms to a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) standard, and the analog signal is a pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM4) signal.

14. The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of ECC symbols are Read-Solomon (RS) symbols, and the decoding circuit is configured to, when error correction with respect to the plurality of ECC symbols fails, perform RS erasure decoding

Assignees

• Samsung Electronics Co Ltd

Inventors

• Lim Jinsoo
• Seol Changkyu
• Kwak Myoungbo
• Kim Daewook
• Park Dongjin
• Ahn Hyoungbae
• Choi Youngdon
• Choi Junghwan

Classifications

• H03M13/45 Primary

  Soft decoding, i.e. using symbol reliability information (H03M13/41 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H03M13/09

  Error detection only, e.g. using cyclic redundancy check [CRC] codes or single parity bit · CPC title

• G06F11/10

  Adding special bits or symbols to the coded information, e.g. parity check, casting out 9's or 11's · CPC title

• G06F11/1004 Primary

  to protect a block of data words, e.g. CRC or checksum (G06F11/1076 takes precedence; security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorized activity G06F21/00) · CPC title

• H03M13/2906 Primary

  using block codes (H03M13/2957 takes precedence) · CPC title