Electrolyte and electrochemical apparatus using same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12176491-B2
Application number	US-202117460926-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 30, 2021
Priority date	Jun 22, 2020
Publication date	Dec 24, 2024
Grant date	Dec 24, 2024

Abstract

An electrolyte includes a compound of formula 1:

formula 1.

R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof. R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group,

or any combination thereof.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrolyte, comprising a compound of formula 1:

formula 1;
wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof;
wherein R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group,

or any combination thereof;
wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, or any combination thereof;
wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a cyano group, a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-6 cycloalkyl group, a C 1-6 alkoxy group, a C 2-6 alkenyl group, a C 6-10 aryl group, or a C 6-10 heteroaryl group;
wherein heteroatoms in the groups each are independently selected from at least one of O, S, N, or P;
wherein the electrolyte further comprises a nitrile compound; and the nitrile compound comprises a compound shown in formula 2, and at least one of a compound shown in formula 4 or a compound shown in formula 5:

wherein R 21 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-5 alkylidene group or R c —(O—R a ) A —O—R b , R a and R b are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene group, R c is selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylidene group, and A is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;
R 41 , R 42 and R 43 are each independently selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-5 alkyleneoxy group, or any combination thereof;
R 51 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 cycloalkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 arylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 heterocyclic group, or any combination thereof;
wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, and a sulfate group; and
wherein based on a total weight of the electrolyte, the nitrile compound is 0.5 wt % to 10 wt %.

2. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises at least one of the following compounds:

3. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the compound of formula 1 is 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.

4. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrile compound a compound shown in formula 3:

wherein
R 31 and R 32 are each independently selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-5 alkylidene group;
wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, and a sulfate group.

5. The electrolyte according to claim 4 , wherein the nitrile compound comprises at least one of the following compounds:

6. The electrolyte according to claim 1 , further comprising a fluorosulfonic anhydride compound, and the fluorosulfonic anhydride compound comprises a compound of formula 6:

wherein R 61 and R 62 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl group, or R 61 and R 62 are combined with each other to generate a five- or six-membered ring;
wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from F; and
wherein based on the total weight of the electrolyte, the fluorosulfonic anhydride compound is 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %.

7. The electrolyte according to claim 6 , wherein the fluorosulfonic anhydride compound comprises at least one of the following compounds:

8. An electrochemical apparatus, comprising:
a positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising a positive active material;
a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative active material; and
an electrolyte, comprising a compound of formula 1:

wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof;
wherein R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group,

or any combination thereof;
wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1-3 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2-6 alkynyl group, a substitu

Assignees

• Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd

Inventors

• Xiong Yali
• Li Wenqiang
• Guan Mingming
• Zheng Jianming

Classifications

• H01M2300/0028

  characterised by the solvent · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• C07D327/10

  two oxygen atoms and one sulfur atom, e.g. cyclic sulfates · CPC title

• C07D207/46 Primary

  with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom · CPC title

• C07C309/06

  containing halogen atoms, or nitro or nitroso groups bound to the carbon skeleton · CPC title