Hybrid battery system with multiple discharge voltage plateaus and greater charge capacity of metal in the negative electrode

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12087931-B2
Application number	US-202017130996-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 22, 2020
Priority date	Dec 23, 2019
Publication date	Sep 10, 2024
Grant date	Sep 10, 2024

Abstract

The hybrid battery system has multiple discharge voltage plateaus and a greater charge capacity of metal in the negative electrode, while still having sufficient energy density and sufficient power capability to supply external devices. The charge capacity of the negative side is higher than the charge capacity of the positive side. There are two solvent compositions in the cathodic solution, and there is a transition from a first discharge voltage plateau to a second discharge voltage plateau at a voltage less than the first discharge voltage plateau. The battery system is safe, and the transition between discharge voltage plateaus provides an estimation of battery capacity that can indicate when the battery system is running out of power.

First claim

We claim:

1. A battery system, comprising:
a battery cell being comprised of a negative terminal and a positive terminal;
a negative electrode being comprised of an electrode metal and being connected to said negative terminal;
a carbon electrode being comprised of carbon materials and being connected to said positive terminal, said carbon electrode having porous structures;
a separator layer between said negative electrode and said carbon electrode so as to divide said battery cell into a negative side and a positive side, said negative electrode being positioned in said negative side, said carbon electrode being positioned in said positive side; and
a cathodic solution within said battery cell and in contact with said negative electrode, said separator layer, and said carbon electrode,
wherein said cathodic solution comprises a first solvent composition, a second solvent composition, and an electrolyte salt,
wherein said electrode metal has an electrode metal charge capacity,
wherein said cathodic solution has a positive charge capacity,
wherein said electrode metal charge capacity is higher than said positive charge capacity,
wherein said battery cell has a plurality of discharge voltage plateaus,
wherein said plurality of discharge voltage plateaus is comprised of a first discharge voltage plateau, and a second discharge voltage plateau, said second discharge voltage plateau being lower than said first discharge voltage plateau,
wherein said second solvent composition is comprised of at least one of a group consisting of thionyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride,
wherein said cathodic solution has an initial electrolyte salt concentration less than 2.4M per liter so as to generate said first discharge voltage plateau by reactions with said electrode metal and said second solvent composition and generate said second discharge voltage plateau only by reactions with said electrode metal and said first solvent composition.

2. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein each discharge voltage plateau is at least 5% of total battery capacity.

3. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein each discharge voltage plateau has a range of 0.2V.

4. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said electrode metal is comprised of one of a group consisting of an alkaline metal and an alkaline earth metal.

5. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said electrode metal is in an alloy.

6. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said carbon electrode is further comprised of inert polymer binders.

7. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said separator is comprised of one of a group consisting of: glass fiber and a polymer.

8. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said first solvent composition is comprised of at least one of a group consisting of nitrobenzene, 2-nitro-m-xylene, 4-nitro-m-xylene, benzoyl chloride, 2-methylbenzoyl chloride, 1-nitropropane, thiophosphoryl chloride, ethylene (glycol) sulfite, 3-methyl-2-oxazoidinone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, trimethyl phosphate, carbon tetrachloride, trichloromethane, benzonitrile, methyl benzoate, gamma-butyrolactone, propylene carbonate, 3-methoxy propionitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, and dimethoxyethane.

9. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte salt is comprised of at least one of a group consisting of metal tetrachloroaluminate, metal tetrachlorogallate, Metal tetrachloro borate, metal bis(oxalato)borate, metal bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, and metal trifluoromethanesulfonate, metal tetrafluoroborate, and metal hexafluoroarsenate.

10. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein an initial volume ratio between said second solvent composition to said first solvent composition is less than 2:1.

11. The battery system, according to claim 1 , wherein said second discharge voltage plateau is at least 0.150V lower than said first discharge voltage plateau.

12. The battery system, according to claim 11 , wherein said first discharge voltage plateau has a range smaller than a range of said second discharge voltage plateau.

13. A method for powering, comprising the steps of:
connecting an external electric application device to said battery cell, according to claim 1 , at said negative terminal and at said positive terminal;
generating said first discharge voltage plateau by reactions with said electrode metal and said second solvent composition until said second solvent composition is consumed; and
generating said second discharge voltage plateau only by reactions with said electrode metal and said first solvent composition.

14. The method of powering, according to claim 13 , wherein the step of generating said first discharge voltage plateau further comprises the step of:
completely reacting said second solvent composition so as to make a transition from said first discharge voltage plateau to said second discharge voltage plateau.

15. The method of powering, according to claim 14 , further comprising the step of:
detecting the transition from said first discharge voltage plateau to said second discharge voltage plateau.

16. The method of powering, according to claim 15 , wherein the transition from said first discharge voltage plateau to said second discharge voltage plateau is at least 0.15V.

17. The method of powering, according to claim 13 , wherein each discharge voltage plateau of said plurality of discharge voltage plateaus has a range of 0.2V and is at least 5% of total battery capacity.

18. The method of powering, according to claim 13 , wherein an initial volume ratio of said second solvent composition to said first solvent composition is less than 2:1.

19. The method of powering, according to claim 13 , wherein said first discharge voltage plateau has a range smaller than a range of said second discharge voltage plateau.

Assignees

• Cnpc Usa Corp

Inventors

• Bi Wu
• Yang Xiongwen
• Ren Jiaxiang
• Cheng Peng

Classifications

• H01M4/381

  Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements (H01M4/40 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/44

  Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J7/00) · CPC title

• H01M50/446

  Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials · CPC title

• H01M4/622

  being polymers · CPC title

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title