Steam methane reforming unit for carbon capture

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11975969-B2
Application number	US-202117194597-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 8, 2021
Priority date	Mar 11, 2020
Publication date	May 7, 2024
Grant date	May 7, 2024

Abstract

A molten carbonate fuel cell-powered system for capturing carbon dioxide produced by a steam methane reformer system. Tail gas from a pressure swing adsorption system is mixed with exhaust gas from the fuel cell anode, then pressurized and cooled to extract liquefied carbon dioxide. The residual low-CO2 gas is directed to an anode gas oxidizer, to the anode, to the reformer to be burned for fuel, and/or to the pressure swing adsorption system. Low-CO2 flue gas from the reformer can be vented to the atmosphere or directed to the anode gas oxidizer. Reduction in the amount of CO2 reaching the fuel cell allows the fuel cell to be sized according to the power demands of the system and eliminates the need to export additional power output.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A system for producing hydrogen and capturing carbon from natural gas, the system comprising:
a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode;
a steam methane reformer system comprising a reformer and a pressure swing adsorption system configured to generate a tail gas; and
a carbon dioxide capture system comprising:
a compressor configured to compress a gas mixture, the gas mixture comprising exhaust gas from the anode and the tail gas;
a chiller configured to cool the gas mixture; and
a carbon dioxide separator configured to separate the gas mixture into liquefied carbon dioxide and a residual gas mixture.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an anode gas oxidizer configured to receive a first portion of the residual gas mixture, wherein the anode of the molten carbonate fuel cell is configured to receive a second portion of the residual gas mixture.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is configured to receive a third portion of the residual gas mixture to be burned as fuel.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the pressure swing adsorption system is configured to receive a fourth portion of the residual gas mixture.

5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the pressure swing adsorption system is configured to receive a third portion of the residual gas mixture.

6. The system of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is configured to generate a flue gas that is vented to the atmosphere.

7. The system of claim 2 , wherein the anode gas oxidizer is configured to receive flue gas from the reformer.

8. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a second pressure swing adsorption system outside the steam methane reformer system, the second pressure swing adsorption system configured to receive a third portion of the residual gas mixture.

9. The system of claim 2 , wherein the cathode is configured to receive oxidized gas from the anode gas oxidizer.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the molten carbonate fuel cell is sized to power one of the carbon dioxide capture system or the steam methane reformer system.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the molten carbonate fuel cell is sized to power both the carbon dioxide capture system and the steam methane reformer system.

12. A system for producing hydrogen and capturing carbon from natural gas, the system comprising:
a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising an anode and a cathode, the anode configured to receive an anode input stream comprising natural gas and to output an anode exhaust stream comprising carbon dioxide;
a steam methane reformer system comprising a reformer and a pressure swing adsorption system configured to receive a gas stream from the reformer and to separate the gas stream into a hydrogen stream and a tail gas comprising carbon dioxide;
a compressor configured to compress a gas mixture, the gas mixture comprising the anode exhaust stream and the tail gas;
a chiller configured to cool the gas mixture; and
a carbon dioxide separator configured to separate the gas mixture into liquefied carbon dioxide and a residual gas mixture.

13. The system of claim 12 , further comprises an anode gas oxidizer configured to receive a flue gas from the steam methane reformer system and output an oxidized flue gas to the cathode.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the anode gas oxidizer is further configured to receive at least a portion of the residual gas mixture from the carbon dioxide separator.

15. The system of claim 12 , wherein the anode is further configured to receive at least a portion of the residual gas mixture from the carbon dioxide separator.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the pressure swing adsorption system is further configured to receive at least a portion of the residual gas mixture from the carbon dioxide separator and to separate hydrogen from the portion of the residual gas mixture.

17. The system of claim 12 , wherein the reformer is configured to receive at least a portion of the residual gas mixture to be burned as fuel.

18. The system of claim 12 , further comprising an evaporator configured to cool the anode exhaust stream and a shift reactor configured to convert carbon monoxide in the anode exhaust stream to carbon dioxide before the anode exhaust stream is received by the compressor.

19. The system of claim 12 , wherein the molten carbonate fuel cell is sized to produce an amount of power approximately equal to the combined power consumed by a carbon dioxide capture system and the steam methane reformer system, wherein the carbon dioxide capture system comprises the compressor, the chiller and the carbon dioxide separator.

20. The system of claim 12 , wherein the molten carbonate fuel cell is sized to operate using only the residual gas mixture in the anode input stream.

21. The system of claim 12 , wherein the reformer is configured to generate a flue gas that is vented to the atmosphere.

Assignees

• Fuelcell Energy Inc

Inventors

• Jahnke Fred C
• Jolly Stephen
• Ghezel-Ayagh Hossein

Classifications

• H01M8/0668

  Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide · CPC title

• C01B3/506

  at low temperatures · CPC title

• C01B3/56 Primary

  by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids · CPC title

• C01B3/34 Primary

  by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents · CPC title

• F25J1/0027

  Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2 · CPC title