High oxidation state periodate battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11424435-B2
Application number	US-202016870081-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 8, 2020
Priority date	May 9, 2019
Publication date	Aug 23, 2022
Grant date	Aug 23, 2022

Abstract

The development of a novel battery comprising of high-oxidation-state periodate complex cathode and zinc anode is disclosed. A periodate complex H7Fe4(IO4)3O8 was prepared by a precipitation reaction between Fe(NO3)3 and NaIO4, and was used in battery development for the first time. NaMnIO6 double periodate salts were also synthesized from MnSO4 and NaIO4 using the same techniques. The H7Fe4(IO4)3O8 alone showed specific capacity of 300 mAh g−1; while NaMnIO6 showed specific capacity as high as 750 mAh g−1. Compared to single-electron processes in conventional cathode reactions, the possibility to significantly enhance cathode specific capacity via a multi-electron process associated with valence change from I(VII) to I2 is demonstrated. Novel 3D-printed reserve battery casing designs comprising replaceable electrodes also disclosed. Batteries featuring an ion-exchange membrane dual-electrolyte design are disclosed. Periodate based dry cell batteries utilizing polymer electrolytes are also disclosed.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An inorganic battery comprising,
a high-oxidation-state material cathode;
a reducing anode, and wherein the cathode and the anode both form electrodes;
one or more acid or neutral electrolytes that are a chemical medium forming an acid or neutral electrolyte solution that separate the electrodes and allows ion movement between the electrodes;
wherein the high oxidation-state-material cathode contains one or more high oxidation state elements with oxidization states of five or higher to form high-oxidation-state material that remains insoluble in the acid or neutral electrolyte solution; and
wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode is a periodate cathode containing more than one metal or hydrogen.

2. The battery of claim 1 , further including an anion-exchange-membrane in a center of a battery casing to separate the cathode and the anode electrodes, and a dual-electrolyte design for electrolyte separation and pH control.

3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the periodate cathode further includes an iron(III) periodate.

4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the periodate cathode further includes a silver (Ag) periodate.

5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the periodate cathode is a double salt periodate cathode containing a plurality of metals and hydrogen, wherein the plurality of metals take part in an electrochemical process of the battery, and the periodate cathode is H 7 Fe 4 (IO 4 ) 3 O 8 .

6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the periodate cathode is a double salt periodate cathode, and the double salt periodate cathode is a sodium manganese periodate cathode, and further the periodate cathode is NaMnIO 6 .

7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrolytes is an aqueous non-flammable non-alkaline electrolyte.

8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrolytes is an ionic liquid non-flammable electrolyte.

9. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the battery casing is 3D printed using a polymer or a metal filament to form desired conformal shapes and sizes.

10. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material also includes a material selected from a group consisting of an iodate, a bromate, a perbromate, a permanganate, a manganate, a chromate, a tungstate, a dichromate, and any combination thereof.

11. The battery of claim 10 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material has a non-acid-ion metal element that is selected from a group consisting of a nickel, a vanadium, a lead, a copper, a cobalt, a bismuth, an antimony, a tin, a titanium, a mercury, a barium, a chromium, and any combination thereof.

12. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode further includes a plurality of conductive carbon nanotubes, and a hydrophilic layer of polymer enhancement.

13. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the reducing anode is an active metal anode.

14. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte is a gel, a polymer electrolyte, or a mixture; and the chemical medium is a non-liquid and the battery is a dry cell battery containing no free-flow liquid.

15. The battery of claim 14 , wherein the electrolyte for the cathode is an acidic electrolyte, and the electrolyte for the anode is a salt or an electrolyte having a pH of 7.

16. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode is a solid electrode and the one or more high oxidation state elements takes part in a chemical redox reaction.

17. An inorganic battery comprising,
a high-oxidation-state material cathode;
a reducing anode, and wherein the cathode and the anode both form electrodes;
one or more electrolytes that are a chemical medium forming an electrolyte solution that separate the electrodes and allows ion movement between the electrodes;
wherein the high oxidation-state-material cathode contains one or more high oxidation state elements with oxidization states of five or higher to form high-oxidation-state material that remains insoluble in the electrolyte solution;
wherein the high-oxidation-state-material cathode is a periodate cathode containing more than one metal or hydrogen; and

wherein the chemical medium is a non-liquid and the battery is a dry cell battery containing no free-flow fluid.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the inserting and securing the cathode assembly and the anode into the casing further includes inserting and securing the cathode assembly and the anode into a 3D-printed casing, wherein the 3D-printed casing is reusable and the cathode assembly and the anode are replaceable when consumed.

19. A method of making a high oxidation state periodate battery, comprising:
(a) dissolving a cathode electrolyte compound and an anode electrolyte compound in water, respectively to form two electrolyte solutions;
(b) mixing a cathode slurry containing a plurality of solid cathode particles including a periodate, a conductive carbon, a binder, and an amount of water;
(c) casting the cathode slurry onto an inert current collector, drying the cathode slurry before laminating a polymer fortification layer to form a cathode assembly;
(d) placing an anion-exchange-membrane in a center of a battery casing to separate the cathode assembly and the anode electrodes, and sealing sides of the battery casing with a sealant to prevent ion by-passing;
(e) inserting and securing the cathode assembly and the anode into the battery casing; and
(f) activating the battery by injecting the electrolyte solutions before capping the battery casing for sealing.

Assignees

• New Jersey Inst Technology

Inventors

• Mitra Somenath
• Wang Zhiqian

Classifications

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M4/621

  Binders · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/602

  Polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/381

  Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements (H01M4/40 takes precedence) · CPC title