3D magnesium battery and method of making the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10680280-B2
Application number	US-201715715915-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 26, 2017
Priority date	Sep 26, 2017
Publication date	Jun 9, 2020
Grant date	Jun 9, 2020

Abstract

3-D magnesium voltaic cells have a magnesium anode coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous protective/electrolyte layer that is ionically conductive and electronically insulating. The resulting protected 3-D magnesium anode is coated on multiple opposing surfaces with a continuous cathode layer that is electronically and ionically conductive, and includes a magnesium storage medium. Suitable magnesium anodes, in particular, magnesium foam anodes, can be made by pulsed galvanostatic deposition of magnesium on a copper substrate. The protective layer can be formed by electropolymerization of a suitable methylacrylate ester. The continuous cathode layer can be a slurry cathode having powders of an electronic conductor and a reversible magnesium storage component suspended in a magnesium electrolyte solution.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A three dimensional (3-D) magnesium voltaic cell, comprising:
a magnesium foam anode;
a continuous protective layer contacting the magnesium foam anode on substantially all surfaces; the continuous protective layer being electrically insulative and ionically conductive; and
a continuous slurry cathode layer contacting substantially all surfaces of the continuous protective layer, the continuous slurry cathode layer comprising:
a reversible magnesium storage component;
an electronic conductor; and
a magnesium ion conductor.

2. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the continuous protective layer comprises a polymer or co-polymer of at least one methacrylic acid ester.

3. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 2 , wherein the at least one methacrylic acid ester is selected from the group consisting of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate).

4. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnesium foam anode is formed entirely of magnesium metal.

5. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnesium foam anode comprises a magnesium insertion anode.

6. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnesium foam anode comprises a copper foam substrate having a surface layer of magnesium when at least partially charged.

7. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reversible magnesium storage component comprises a conjugated quinone.

8. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnesium ion conductor comprises an anion having a formula:
[B y H( y-z-i )R z X i ]2-,
[CB( y-1 )H( y-z-i )R z X i ]—,

[C 2 B( y-2 )H( y-t-j-1 )R t X j ]—,

[C 2 B( y-3 )H( y-t-j )R t X j ]—, or

[C 2 B( y-3 )H( y-t-j-1 )R t X j ]2-,
wherein y is an integer within a range of 6 to 12; (z+i) is an integer within a range of 0 to y; (t+j) is an integer within a range of 0 to (y−1); and X is F, Cl, Br, I, or a combination thereof; and wherein R is alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, a fluorinated derivative of the aforementioned, or a moiety having any combination of the aforementioned.

9. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the magnesium ion conductor comprises Mg(CB 11 H 12 ) 2 .

10. The 3-D magnesium voltaic cell as recited in claim 1 , wherein the continuous cathode slurry layer comprises 20 percent, by volume, 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetrone as reversible magnesium storage component, 0.8%, by volume, Ketjen black as electronic conductor, and 79.2%, by volume, 0.3 M Mg(CB 11 H 12 ) 2 in tetraglyme.

Assignees

• Toyota Eng & Mfg North America
• Toyota Motor Co Ltd

Inventors

• Mizuno Fuminori
• Mohtadi Rana
• Tutusaus Oscar
• Singh Nikhilendra
• Arthur Timothy S
• Yang Ruidong
• Takechi Kensuke
• Ling Chen
• Zhang Ruigang

Classifications

• H01M4/661

  Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/0445

  Multimode batteries, e.g. containing auxiliary cells or electrodes switchable in parallel or series connections · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/808

  Foamed, spongy materials · CPC title

• H01M10/054 Primary

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title