Non-contact velocity measurement instruments and systems, and related methods

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10620100-B2
Application number	US-201715659396-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 25, 2017
Priority date	Jul 26, 2016
Publication date	Apr 14, 2020
Grant date	Apr 14, 2020

Abstract

Methods for calibration of non-contact velocity measurements and systems for implementing the same are described. Generally, the method comprises inducing a shock wave into a sample at a stress intensity that varies across the sample's elastic limit, which corresponds to the elastic-plastic state transition of the sample. That transition state may be at the sample's Hugoniot elastic limit. The velocity of the sample is measured using a non-contact velocity measurement instrument such as a velocimeter. The measurement may be compared to a predicted velocity or a velocity measurement made by another system to determine calibration parameters.

First claim

We claim:

1. A method comprising:
inducing a wave into a sample to stress the sample at or above an elastic limit;
measuring a particle velocity while the sample is stressed at or above the elastic limit;
comparing the measured particle velocity to a predicted velocity; and
determining one or more calibration parameters responsive to the comparison.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elastic limit is substantially at an elastic-plastic state transition of the sample.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the elastic limit is a Hugoniot elastic limit of the sample.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the particle velocity associated with the elastic limit comprises measuring by a velocimetry system.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the velocimetry system is one of a laser-based system, a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and Doppler velocimeter.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calibrating a measurement system responsive to the comparison.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more calibration parameters comprises a fit function.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wave is induced in a manner selected from the group consisting of a laser, projectile, explosion, hammer, and plate impact.

9. A method comprising:
inducing a wave into a sample to stress the sample at or above an elastic limit;
measuring a particle velocity while the sample is stressed at or above the elastic limit by a first measurement system;
comparing the measured particle velocity to a second particle velocity measured by a second measurement system; and
determining one or more calibration parameters for the first measurement system responsive to the comparison.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
determining one or more calibration parameters for the second measurement system responsive to the comparison.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
inducing a second wave into a second sample to stress the second sample at or above an elastic limit; and
measuring the second particle velocity while the second sample is stressed at or above the elastic limit by the second measurement system.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the elastic limit is substantially at an elastic-plastic state transition of a wave propagating in the sample.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the elastic limit is a Hugoniot elastic limit of the sample.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first measurement system and the second measurement system are velocimetry measurement systems.

15. The method of claim 9 , the second measurement system is a standardized velocimetry system and the first measurement system is aligned with the second measurement system.

16. A system, comprising:
a stress generation source configured to induce a stress on a sample at or above an elastic limit of the sample;
a non-contact measurement instrument configured to:
obtain a first particle velocity measurement by measuring a particle velocity of the sample as it is stressed at or above the elastic limit of the sample;
compare the first particle velocity measurement to a second particle velocity measurement; and
determine one or more calibration parameters responsive to the comparison.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the elastic limit is substantially at an elastic-plastic state transition of a wave propagating in the sample.

18. The system of claim 16 , wherein the elastic limit is the Hugoniot elastic limit of the sample.

19. The system of claim 16 , wherein the second particle velocity measurement is a predicted measurement value, or a velocity measurement based on a measurement by a second non-contact measurement instrument.

20. The system of claim 16 , wherein measuring the particle velocity of the sample comprises measuring a time-varying stress field within the sample.

21. The system of claim 20 , wherein measuring the time-varying stress field within the sample comprises measuring the particle velocity at a free surface of the sample.

22. The system of claim 16 , wherein the non-contact measurement instrument is configured to generate a laser to interrogate the sample, and the stress generation source is arranged to induce a shock wave at substantially a same location on the sample as the laser interrogates the sample.

23. The system of claim 16 , wherein the non-contact measurement instrument is configured to generate a laser to interrogate the sample, and the stress generation source is arranged relative to the sample to induce a shock wave at a first location on the sample and the non-contact measurement instrument is arranged relative to the sample to interrogate the sample at a second location on the sample, wherein the first location and the second location are on opposite sides of the sample.

24. A method comprising:
inducing a wave into a sample to stress the sample at or above an elastic limit;
measuring a particle velocity while the sample is stressed at or above the elastic limit by a first measurement system;
determining an elastic limit of a material responsive to the measured particle velocity;
determining a mechanical property of the material responsive to the determined elastic limit; and
determining a change in the mechanical property of the material responsive to a change in a Hugoniot elastic limit.

25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising determining a change in the mechanical property of the material responsive to the determined elastic limit.

26. The method of claim 24 , further comprising adjusting the measured particle velocity responsive to a calibration parameter.

27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the calibration parameter comprises one or more of a fit function and operating parameters of the first measurement system.

28. The method of claim 24 , wherein the elastic limit is a transition phase of the wave, the transition phase comprising an inelastic wave interfering with an elastic wave.

29. A system, comprising:
a sample; and
a monitoring system configured to monitor the sample by:
inducing a wave into the sample to stress the sample at or above an elastic limit;
measuring a particle velocity while the sample is stressed at or above the elastic limit by a measurement system;
determining an elastic limit of a material responsive to the measured particle velocity;
determining a mechanical property of the material responsive to the determined elastic limit; and
determining a change in the mechanical property of the material responsive to a change in a Hugoniot elastic limit.

30. The system of claim 29 , wherein the monitoring system is configured to monitor microstructures.

31. The system of claim 29 , wherein the monitoring system is configured to characterize materials undergoing one or more of high temperature, radiation fields, work hardening, tempering, fatigue.

32. The system of claim 29 , wherein the monitoring system is configured to perform hardness testing.

Assignees

• Battelle Energy Alliance Llc

Inventors

• Lacy Jeffrey M
• Smith James A

Classifications

• G01N3/06

  Special adaptations of indicating or recording means · CPC title

• G01Q40/02

  Calibration standards and methods of fabrication thereof · CPC title

• G01B5/28

  for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces · CPC title

• G01N3/30

  by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight · CPC title

• G01N29/00

  Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object (G01N3/00 - G01N27/00 take precedence) · CPC title