Magnetic memory physically unclonable functions

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10536281-B2
Application number	US-201515329601-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 28, 2015
Priority date	Jul 30, 2014
Publication date	Jan 14, 2020
Grant date	Jan 14, 2020

Abstract

A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) physically unclonable function (PUF) device that uses the geometric variations in magnetic memory cells to generate a random PUF response is described herein. Within the MRAM, one or more magnetic memory cells can be used for the PUF. The PUF response is generated by destabilizing the one or more magnetic memory cells and then allowing them to relax. The MRAM PUF has also a relatively small footprint among all other silicon PUFs. Timing and control signals for the MRAM PUF are also described along with power and delay characteristics for use with field and spin transfer torque driven destabilization operations.

First claim

At least the following is claimed:

1. A method of using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) cell as a physically unclonable function (PUF), comprising:
destabilizing the MTJ cell through application of a first current pulse on a digitline of the MTJ cell for a first predetermined period of time to orient the MTJ cell to a hard axis of an energy profile of the MTJ cell;
releasing the MTJ cell from the destabilizing for a second predetermined period of time to allow the MTJ cell to reach a settling state;
reading the settling state of the MTJ cell through application of a second current pulse on a bitline of the MTJ cell; and
providing a value representative of the settling state as a response of the PUF.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving a logical address signal associated with a PUF challenge;
based on the logical address signal, decoding a location of the MTJ cell in an array of MTJ cells;
receiving a logical authentication enable signal; and
performing the destabilizing, releasing, and reading in response to the logical authentication enable signal.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the decoding comprises decoding at least a bitline and a wordline of the MTJ cell to access the MTJ cell in the array of MTJ cells based on the logical address signal.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the destabilizing comprises applying a magnetic field to the MTJ cell to orient the MTJ cell to the hard axis of an energy profile of the MTJ cell.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the destabilizing comprises destabilizing the MTJ cell using a current pulse of predetermined magnitude and for the first predetermined period of time.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reading comprises sensing a differential voltage across the MTJ cell at a predetermined period of time after the releasing to allow the MTJ cell to settle to the settling state.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein providing the value representative of the settling state comprises at least one of encoding or encrypting a value representative of the differential voltage as the value representative of the settling state.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MTJ cell comprises a plurality of MTJ cells, and providing a value representative of the settling state comprises providing a value representative of settling states of each of the plurality of MTJ cells.

9. A memory device including a physically unclonable function (PUF), comprising:
a memory array, the memory array including a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) cell selected for use as a PUF;
an address decoder configured to access the MTJ cell in the memory array based on a logical address signal associated with the MTJ cell; and
driver circuitry configured, in response to a logical authentication enable signal, to:
destabilize the MTJ cell through application of a first current pulse on a digitline of the MTJ cell for a first predetermined period of time to orient the MTJ cell to a hard axis of an energy profile of the MTJ cell;
release the MTJ cell for a second predetermined period of time to allow the MTJ cell to reach a settling state of the MTJ cell;
read the settling state of the MTJ cell through application of a second current pulse on a bitline of the MTJ cell; and
provide, over a data bus, a value representative of the settling state as a response of the PUF.

10. The memory device of claim 9 , wherein, to destabilize the MTJ cell, the driver circuitry is configured to apply a magnetic field to the MTJ cell to orient the MTJ cell to the hard axis of an energy profile of the MTJ cell.

11. The memory device of claim 9 , wherein, to destabilize the MTJ cell, the driver circuitry is configured to apply a current pulse of predetermined magnitude and for the first predetermined period of time.

12. The memory device of claim 9 , wherein, to read the settling state of the MTJ cell, the driver circuitry is configured to sense a differential voltage across the MTJ cell at a predetermined period of time after the release, to allow the MTJ cell to settle to a settling state.

13. The memory device of claim 9 , wherein the MTJ cell comprises a plurality of MTJ cells, and the driver circuitry is configured to provide the value representative of the settling state based on settling states of each of the plurality of MTJ cells.

14. A method of using a magnetic memory cell as a physically unclonable function (PUF), comprising:
destabilizing the magnetic memory cell through application of a first current pulse on a digitline of the magnetic memory cell for a first predetermined period of time to orient the magnetic memory cell to a hard axis of an energy profile of the magnetic memory cell;
releasing the magnetic memory cell from the destabilizing for a second predetermined period of time to allow the magnetic memory cell to reach a settling state of the magnetic memory cell;
reading the settling state of the magnetic memory cell through application of a second current pulse on a bitline of the magnetic memory cell after the releasing; and
providing a value representative of the settling state as a response of the PUF.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
receiving a logical address signal associated with a PUF challenge;
based on the logical address signal, decoding a location of the magnetic memory cell in an array of magnetic memory cells;
receiving a logical authentication enable signal; and
performing the destabilizing, releasing, and reading in response to the logical authentication enable signal.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the decoding comprises decoding at least the bitline and a wordline of the magnetic memory cell to access the magnetic memory cell in the array of magnetic memory cells based on the logical address signal.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the destabilizing comprises applying a magnetic field to the magnetic memory cell to orient the magnetic memory cell to the hard axis of the energy profile of the magnetic memory cell.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the destabilizing comprises destabilizing the magnetic memory cell using a current pulse of predetermined magnitude and for the first predetermined period of time through at least one of a bitline, a wordline, or a digitline associated with the magnetic memory cell.

19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the reading comprises sensing a differential voltage across the magnetic memory cell after the releasing, to allow the magnetic memory cell to settle to a settling state.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein providing the value representative of the settling state comprises at least one of encoding or encrypting a value representative of the differential voltage as the value representative of the settling state.

Assignees

• Univ South Florida

Inventors

• Das Jayita
• Scott Kevin P
• Burgett Drew H
• Rajaram Srinath
• Bhanja Sanjukta

Classifications

• H04L9/3278 Primary

  using physically unclonable functions [PUF] · CPC title

• G09C1/00

  Apparatus or methods whereby a given sequence of signs, e.g. an intelligible text, is transformed into an unintelligible sequence of signs by transposing the signs or groups of signs or by replacing them by others according to a predetermined system (cryptographic typewriters G09C3/00) · CPC title

• G11C11/161

  details concerning the memory cell structure, e.g. the layers of the ferromagnetic memory cell · CPC title

• G11C11/15

  using multiple magnetic layers (G11C11/155 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H04L9/06

  the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise {or stream} coding, e.g. DES systems {or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators} · CPC title