Selective refresh with software components

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10157657-B2
Application number	US-201313975873-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 26, 2013
Priority date	Aug 28, 2012
Publication date	Dec 18, 2018
Grant date	Dec 18, 2018

Abstract

A method of refreshing a memory is disclosed. The method includes accessing from active memory an active memory map. The active memory map is generated by software and identifies addresses corresponding to the active memory and associated refresh criteria for the addresses. The refresh criteria are evaluated for a portion of the active memory, and an operation initiated to refresh a portion of the active memory is based on the refresh criteria.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of refreshing a memory, the method comprising:
accessing, from active memory, an active memory map generated by operating system software, the active memory map reflecting a first prioritization of in-use memory;
identifying addresses corresponding to the active memory and associated refresh criteria for the addresses;
wherein during each refresh period T REF , the operating system operative to
carry out a second prioritization by ranking a first refresh status for a first portion on of the in-use memory with respect to a second refresh status for a second portion of the in-use memory, the ranking representing a relative priority for refreshing the first portion of the in-use memory with respect to the second portion of the in-use memory;
initiate a refresh instruction to refresh the first portion of the active memory based on the first prioritization and the ranking of the second prioritization; and
update the first refresh priority status for the first portion of the active memory following issuance of the refresh instruction.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
decoding the refresh instructions to generate one or more memory refresh commands; and
refreshing the first portion of the active memory in response to the one or more memory refresh commands.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein accessing the active memory map comprises accessing an allocated page table, and wherein the interval between successive refresh instructions is at least 650 ms.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein accessing the allocated page table comprises:
tabulating plural active memory page addresses; and
tracking a refresh status for each active memory page address.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein tracking the refresh status comprises:
monitoring the refresh time interval associated with the first portion of the active memory; and
sorting the active memory page addresses based on the monitoring to generate the first refresh priority status.

6. The method of claim 1 and further comprising:
selectively initiating a self-refresh mode, the self-refresh mode comprising
loading information representing the active memory map into an addressable storage element of a memory device; and
activating hardware in the memory device to selectively self-refresh the active memory of the memory device based on the loaded information.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the storage element comprises tag storage coupled to the active memory in the memory device.

8. The method of claim 6 and further including:
self-refreshing the storage region of the memory device.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the loading information comprises bitmapping the information representing the active memory map into a storage region of the memory device, wherein a single bit of the bitmap represents the portion of active memory, and other single bits represent other equal-sized regions of active memory.

10. A method of managing memory refresh operations, the method comprising:
in a first mode,
generating an active memory map of the memory with operating system software, the active memory map reflecting a first prioritization of In-use memory, the active memory map having addresses corresponding to active memory allocated by the software,
directing that the active memory map be stored in a location within the active memory,
wherein during each refresh period T REF , the operating system software operative to
access the stored active memory map;
carry out a second prioritization by ranking a first refresh status for a first portion of the in-use memory with respect to a second refresh status for a second portion of the in mac memory, the ranking representing a relative priority for refreshing the first portion of the in-use memory with respect to the second portion of the in-use memory:
initiate a refresh instruction, to refresh the first portion of the active memory based on the first prioritization and the ranking of the second prioritization; and
update the first refresh priority status for the first portion of the active memory following issuance of the refresh instructions.

11. The method of claim 10 further comprising:
in a self-refresh mode,
refraining from issuing refresh instructions to refresh the memory.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein generating the active memory map comprises:
generating an allocated page table listing page addresses corresponding to active memory in the memory.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein generating the allocated page table further comprises:
providing a tracking field for tracking a refresh status for each of the active memory page addresses.

14. A memory device comprising:
active memory including storage cells operable to store an active memory map, the active memory map generated by operating system software and reflecting a first prioritization of in-use memory, the active memory map to identify addresses of the active memory in the memory device;
in a first refresh mode, the storage cells operable, in response to refresh commands generated in response to refresh instructions initiated by the operating system software during a refresh period T REF that is at least 650 ms, to selectively refresh a first portion of the active memory corresponding to the active memory map, wherein the refresh commands for the first portion of the in-use memory are based on the first prioritization and a ranking of a second prioritization carried out by the operating system software, the second prioritization comprising ranking a first refresh status for the first portion of the in-use memory with respect to a second refresh status for a second portion of the in-use memory, the ranking representing a relative priority for refreshing the first portion of the in-use memory with respect to the second portion of the in-use memory: and
in a second mode, the storage cells operable, in response to self-refresh commands, to selectively refresh a portion of the active memory corresponding to a loaded bitmap version of the active memory map.

15. The memory device of claim 14 wherein the active memory map comprises an allocated page table.

16. The memory device of claim 14 and further comprising:
a self-refresh circuit operable in the second mode to generate the self-refresh commands based on the bitmap version of the active memory map.

17. A method of operating a memory device having storage cells, the method comprising:
in a first mode,
storing an active memory map of memory addresses corresponding to active memory in active memory of the memory device and reflecting a first prioritization of in-use memory, the active memory map generated by operating system software;
accessing and transferring the active memory map as read data in response to a read request, the read request generated by a memory controller in response to a first instruction issued by the operating system software;
receiving refresh commands from the memory controller to selectively refresh only the memory addresses identified in the transferred active memory map, the refresh commands responsive to refresh instructions issued by the operating system software during each refresh period T REF , wherein the refresh commands for a first portion of the in-use memory are based on the first prioritization and a ranking of a second prioritization carried out by the operating system software, the second prioritization comprising ranking a first refresh status for the first portion of the in-use memory with respect to a second refresh states for a second portion of the in

Assignees

• Rambus Inc

Inventors

• Zheng Hongzhong
• Tringali James
• Ware Frederick A

Classifications

• G11C11/406 Primary

  Management or control of the refreshing or charge-regeneration cycles · CPC title

• G06F12/1009

  using page tables, e.g. page table structures · CPC title

• G06F12/08

  in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems · CPC title

• Y02D10/00

  Energy efficient computing, e.g. low power processors, power management or thermal management · CPC title