Associative polymers to control formation of particulate matter from ignitable compositions and related compositions, methods and systems

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10119084-B2
Application number	US-201615269911-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 19, 2016
Priority date	Sep 18, 2015
Publication date	Nov 6, 2018
Grant date	Nov 6, 2018

Abstract

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling formation of particulate matter from a non-polar ignitable composition upon ignition of the non-polar ignitable composition, alone or in combination with control of a physical and/or chemical property of the non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A non-polar ignitable composition comprising:
a host ignitable composition having a dielectric constant equal to or less than about 5, and
at least one framing associative polymer, substantially soluble in the host ignitable composition, wherein the at least one framing associative polymer is comprised in the host composition in a concentration between from about 0.01 c* to about 2c* wherein

c
*

=

3
⁢

M
W

4
⁢

π
⁡

(

R
g
2

)

3
/
2

⁢

N
a

,

in which M w is the weight averaged molecular weight, R g is the radius of gyration, and N a is Avogadro's constant,
wherein the concentration is suitable to reduce formation of particulate matter from the ignitable host composition upon ignition of the ignitable composition, alone or in combination with control of at least one rheological property of the host ignitable composition, and
wherein the at least one framing associative polymer comprises:
a linear, branched, or hyperbranched polymer backbone having at least two ends and a functional group presented at two or more ends of the at least two ends of the linear, branched, or hyperbranched polymer backbone;
wherein a number of the functional groups presented at the two or more ends is formed by associative functional groups each capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group in the non-polar composition with an association constant (k) wherein

k
⁡

(

M

-
1

)

≥

4
3

⁢

π
⁡

(

R
ℊ
2

)

3
2

⁢

N
a

n
F

×

10

-
23

in which R g is the radius of gyration of the framing associative polymer in the non-polar composition in nanometers, N a is Avogadro's constant; and n F is the average number of the associative functional groups in the framing associative polymer.

2. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the framing associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight equal to or lower than about 2,000,000 g/mol.

3. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the framing associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight 400,000≤M w [g/mol]≤1,000,000.

4. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the framing associative polymer has a weight averaged molecular weight 500,000≤M w [g/mol]≤2,000,000.

5. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the association constant is 6≤log 10 k≤14.

6. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the association constant is 6≤log 10 k≤10.

7. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the association constant is 6.9≤log 10 k≤7.8.

8. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the associative functional group is a carboxylic acid and the another associative functional group is a carboxylic acid, or the associative functional group is a carboxylic acid and the another associative functional group is an amine, or the associative functional group is an alcohol and the another associative functional group is an amine, or the associative functional group is an alcohol and the another associative functional group is a carboxylic acid, or the associative functional group is a diacetamidopyridine and the another associative functional group is a thymine, or the associative functional group is a Hamilton Receptor and the another associative functional group is a cyanuric acid, the associative functional group is zinc sulfonate or palladated sulfur-carbon-sulfur (SCS) pincer and the another associative functional group is selected from pyridine or primary, secondary and tertiary amines.

9. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the another associative functional groups is presented at at least one end of a different associative polymer.

10. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 1 , wherein the framing associative polymers are formed by at least two structure units having formula
[[FG-chain -[node] z   (I)

and optionally one or more structural units having formula
node chain]   (II),

wherein:
FG is an associative functional group (FGa);
chain is a non-polar polymer substantially soluble in a non-polar composition, the polymer having formula:
R 1 -[A] n R 2   (III)

wherein:
A is a chemical and in particular an organic moiety forming the monomer of the polymer;
R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from any carbon based or organic group with one of R 1 and R 2 linked to an FG or a node and the other one of R 1 and R 2 linked to an FG or a node; and n is an integer·1; z is 0 or 1;
node is a covalently linked moiety linking one of R 1 and R 2 of at least one first chain with one of the R 1 and R 2 of at least one second chain;

and wherein the FG, chain and node of different structural units of the polymer can be the same or different.

11. The non-polar ignitable composition of claim 10 , wherein the associative functional group FGa is selected from diacetamidopyridine group, thymine group, Hamilton Receptor group, cyanuric acid group, carboxylic acid group, primary secondary or tertiary

Assignees

• California Inst Of Techn

Inventors

• Kornfield Julia A
• Wei Ming-Hsin

Classifications

• C10L2200/0423

  Gasoline · CPC title

• C08F136/06

  Butadiene · CPC title

• C10L1/195 Primary

  obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds · CPC title

• C10L1/1973

  mono-carboxylic · CPC title

• C10L10/02

  for reducing smoke development · CPC title