Image guided awl/tap/screwdriver

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-RE45484-E
Application number	US-201213453709-A
Country	US
Kind code	E1
Filing date	Apr 23, 2012
Priority date	Nov 20, 1997
Publication date	Apr 21, 2015
Grant date	Apr 21, 2015

Abstract

A trackable medical instrument for use in a computer assisted image guided medical and surgical navigation systems that generate images during medical and surgical procedures, includes a guide member having an emitter array for being tracked by the system and a drive shaft contained within the guide member having a proximal and a distal end, the drive shaft being rotatable within the guide member while being fixable axially inside the guide member, the proximal end of the drive shaft having a first connector for interchangeably receiving at least one drive source, and the distal end having a second connector for interchangeably receiving at least one instrument tip.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A trackable medical instrument for use in a computer assisted image guided surgery system having a digitizer for tracking the position of the instrument in three dimensional space and a display providing an indication of the position of the instrument with respect to images of a body part take preoperatively, the instrument comprising:
a guide member having an emitter array mounted thereon for being tracked by a digitizer; and a drive shaft contained within the guide member, the drive shaft having a longitudinal axis and a proximal and a distal end, the drive shaft being rotatable within the guide member while being fixable within the guide member in a direction of the longitudinal axis, the proximal end of the drive shaft having a first connector for interchangeably receiving at least one drive source for transmitting torque to the drive shaft causing rotation of the drive shaft relative to the guide member, and the distal end having a second connector for interchangeably receiving at least one instrument tip.

2. The instrument according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one instrument tip for removable connection to the distal end of the drive shaft.

3. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the at least on drive source comprises a drive handle for removable connection to the proximal end of the drive shaft for transmitting torque to the drive shaft and the instrument tip to cause rotation of the instrument tip.

4. The instrument according to claim 3 , wherein the drive handle and the drive shaft include a male-female socket joint to removably connect the drive shaft to the drive handle.

5. The instrument according to claim 3 , wherein the drive handle includes a ratchet.

6. The instrument according to claim 3 , wherein the drive handle includes a motor for imparting torque to the drive shaft.

7. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the instrument tip and the drive shaft include a male-female socket joint to removably connect the drive shaft to the instrument tip.

8. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the instrument tip is an awl.

9. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the instrument tip is a tap.

10. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the instrument tip has a shaped end for mating with a workpiece to be rotated by said drive shaft.

11. The instrument according to claim 2 , wherein the instrument tip is a drill bit.

12. The instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the emitter array includes at least one LED array for emitting light signals.

13. The instrument according to claim 12 , wherein the LED array includes a base and a plurality of LED emitters disposed on the base.

14. The instrument according to claim 1 , wherein at least one bushing is provided in the guide member to reduce friction between the guide member and drive shaft.

15. The instrument according to claim 1 , wherein the instrument includes a sensor which senses the removal and connection of an instrument tip to the instrument.

16. The instrument according to 15 , wherein the sensor includes an electromechanical switch on the guide member electrically connected to the system.

17. A trackable medical instrument for use in a computer assisted image guided surgery system having a digitizer for receiving signals representing a position of the instrument during surgery, a computer for processing the signals received, and a display for providing an image representing the position of the instrument in three dimensional space during surgery, the instrument comprising:
guiding means for guiding the instrument in three dimensional space, the guiding means including signaling means for providing a signal representing the trajectory of the instrument and the location of the instrument; and driving means for driving the instrument contained within the guiding means, the driving means having a longitudinal axis and being fixable in relation to the guiding means in a direction of the longitudinal axis while being rotatable in relation to the guiding means, the driving means having a first end adapted to interchangeably receive at least one medical instrument tip and an opposite end adapted to interchangeably receive at least one drive source.

18. The instrument according to claim 17 , wherein the instrument includes a sensing means for sensing the removal and the connection of an instrument tip to the instrument.

19. The instrument according to 18 , wherein the sensing means includes an electromechanical switch on the guiding means connected to the means for processing.

20. The instrument according to claim 17 , wherein the guiding means comprises a housing for receiving the driving means, the driving means being rotatable within the housing while being retained axially within the housing.

21. The instrument according to claim 20 wherein the signaling means comprises an LED array.

22. The instrument according to claim 21 , further comprising an instrument tip for connection to the first end of the driving means.

23. The instrument according to claim 22 , further comprising a drive handle for connection to the opposite end of the driving means for transmitting torque to the instrument tip to cause rotation of the instrument tip.

24. The instrument according to claim 20 , wherein the driving means comprises a drive shaft having mating connectors on both ends for connection to corresponding connectors disposed on an instrument tip and a drive source.

25. The instrument according to claim 24 , wherein at least one bushing is provided between the housing and the drive shaft to reduce friction between the guide handle and drive shaft.

26. The instrument according to claim 22 , wherein the instrument tip is an awl.

27. The instrument according to claim 22 , wherein the instrument tip is a tap.

28. The instrument according to claim 22 , wherein the instrument tip has a shaped end for mating with a workpiece.

29. A trackable medical instrument for use in a computer assisted image guided surgery system having a digitizer for tracking the position of the instrument in three dimensional space and a display providing an indication of the position of the instrument with respect to images of a body part take preoperatively, the instrument comprising:
a guide member having an emitter array mounted thereon for being tracked by a digitizer; a drive shaft contained within the guide member, the drive shaft having a longitudinal axis and a proximal and a distal end, the drive shaft being rotatable within the guide member while being fixable within the guide member in a direction of the longitudinal axis; an instrument tip extending from the proximal end of the drive shaft; wherein the instrument tip rotates freely relative to the guide member while being fixable axially relative to the guide member; and a drive handle extending from the distal end of the drive shaft for guiding the instrument, including the guide member, and for imparting rotary motion to the drive shaft and the instrument tip independent of the guide member.

30. The instrument according to claim 29 , further comprising a proximal coupler for interchangeably coupling the drive source to the drive shaft.

31. The instrument according to claim 30 , wherein the proximal coupler comprises a male-female socket joint disposed on

Assignees

• Foley Kevin T
• Melkent Anthony J
• Carroll Catalina J
• Medtronic Navigation Inc

Inventors

• Foley Kevin T
• Melkent Anthony J
• Carroll Catalina J

Classifications

• A61B17/8875 Primary

  Screwdrivers, spanners or wrenches · CPC title

• A61B2034/2072

  Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient · CPC title

• A61B2034/2055

  Optical tracking systems · CPC title

• A61B90/36

  Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for · CPC title

• A61B17/16

  Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans {(arthroscopic bone cutters A61B17/320016)} · CPC title