Solar cells with perovskite-based light sensitization layers

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9966198-B2
Application number	US-201514695273-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 24, 2015
Priority date	Apr 24, 2014
Publication date	May 8, 2018
Grant date	May 8, 2018

Abstract

Solar cells are provided which comprise an electron transporting layer and a light sensitizing layer of perovskite disposed over the surface of the electron transporting layer. The perovskite may have a formula selected from the group consisting of A 2 MX 6 , Z 2 MX 6 or YMX 6 , wherein A is an alkali metal, M is a metal or a metalloid, X is a halide, Z is selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium, an iminium, a secondary ammonium, a tertiary ammonium, and a quaternary ammonium, and Y has formula M b (L) 3 , wherein M b is a transition metal in the 2+ oxidation state L is an N—N neutral chelating ligand. Methods of making the solar cells are also provided, including methods based on electrospray deposition.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of making a perovskite sensitizing layer, the method comprising electrospraying a solution comprising a perovskite on the surface of an electron transporting layer, and heating the perovskite sensitizing layer at a temperature for a time, wherein the perovskite sensitizing layer is formed on the surface of the electron transporting layer, wherein the perovskite has a formula selected from the group consisting of A 2 MX 6 , Z 2 MX 6 and YMX 6 ,
wherein A is an alkali metal,
M is a metal or a metalloid,
X is a halide,
Z is selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium, an iminium, a secondary ammonium, a tertiary ammonium, and a quaternary ammonium, and
Y has formula M b (L) 3 , wherein M b is a transition metal in the 2+ oxidation state L is an N—N neutral chelating ligand.

2. A method of making a perovskite sensitizing layer, the method comprising:
(a) exposing an electron transporting layer to a first solution comprising a first perovskite precursor to form a first coating on the surface of the electron transporting layer and heating the coated electron transporting layer at a first temperature for a first time; and
(b) exposing the coated electron transporting layer to a second solution comprising a second perovskite precursor to form a second coating over the surface of the electron transporting layer and heating the coated electron transporting layer at a second temperature for a second time, wherein the perovskite sensitizing layer is formed on the surface of the electron transporting layer, wherein the perovskite has a formula selected from the group consisting of A 2 MX 6 , Z 2 MX 6 and YMX 6 ,
wherein A is an alkali metal,
M is a metal or a metalloid,
X is a halide,
Z is selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium, an iminium, a secondary ammonium, a tertiary ammonium, and a quaternary ammonium, and
Y has formula M b (L) 3 , wherein M b is a transition metal in the 2+ oxidation state L is an N—N neutral chelating ligand.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first perovskite precursor is selected from the group consisting of AX, ZX and YX 2 ; and further wherein the second perovskite precursor is MX 4 .

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite has the formula A 2 MX 6 .

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the electron transporting layer is a mesoporous electron transporting layer comprising nanostructures that define pores.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the perovskite sensitizing layer is sufficiently thin that it does not fill the pores of the electron transporting layer.

7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the perovskite comprises Cs 2 SnI 6 .

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite has the formula Z 2 MX 6 .

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite has the formula YMX 6 .

10. The method of claim 3 , wherein the perovskite has the formula A 2 MX 6 .

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the electron transporting layer is a mesoporous electron transporting layer comprising nanostructures that define pores.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the perovskite sensitizing layer is sufficiently thin that it does not fill the pores of the electron transporting layer.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first perovskite precursor has the formula AX and the second perovskite precursor has the formula MX 4 , wherein A is an alkali metal, M is a metal or a metalloid, and X is a halide.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein AX is CsI, MX 4 is SnI 4 , and the perovskite is Cs 2 SnI 6 .

15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the electron transporting layer is a mesoporous electron transporting layer comprising nanostructures that define pores.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the perovskite sensitizing layer is sufficiently thin that it does not fill the pores of the electron transporting layer.

17. The method of claim 3 , wherein the perovskite has the formula Z 2 MX 6 .

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first perovskite precursor has the formula ZX and the second perovskite precursor has the formula MX 4 , wherein M is a metal or a metalloid, X is a halide, and Z is selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium, an iminium, a secondary ammonium, a tertiary ammonium, and a quaternary ammonium.

19. The method of claim 3 , wherein the perovskite has the formula YMX 6 .

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the first perovskite precursor has the formula YX 2 and the second perovskite precursor has the formula MX 4 , wherein M is a metal or a metalloid, X is a halide, and Y has formula M b (L) 3 , wherein M b is a transition metal in the 2+ oxidation state L is an N—N neutral chelating ligand.

Assignees

• Univ Northwestern

Inventors

• Kanatzidis Mercouri G
• Chang Robert P H
• Stoumpos Konstantinos
• Lee Byunghong

Classifications

• Y02E10/549

  Organic PV cells · CPC title

• H01L31/032

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01G9/0029

  Processes of manufacture · CPC title

• H01L51/4226

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01G9/2059

  comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution · CPC title