Electrochemical energy storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9964828-B2
Application number	US-201514721934-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 26, 2015
Priority date	May 27, 2014
Publication date	May 8, 2018
Grant date	May 8, 2018

Abstract

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrochromic device comprising:
a cathodic material covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix; and
an anodic compound polymerized into a second polymer matrix;
wherein:
the cathodic material is a viologen;
the anodic compound is a phenazine, a bisphenazine, a phenothiazine, a bisphenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a bis(triphenodithiazine), a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene;
the electrochromic device exhibits a high transmission state at short circuit and a low transmission state upon application of an electric potential;
the high transmission state is at least 5 times greater than the low transmission state; and
the electrochromic device is configured to maintain a transmission percentage within 20% of the low transmission state for at least 5 hours at open circuit after application of a potential sufficient to reach to the low transmissions state.

2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic compound is represented by:

wherein:
E is S or NR 10 ,
R 1 and R 10 are individually an alkyl group interrupted by at least one ammonium group;
R 2 -R 9 are individually H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OR 11 , SR 11 , NO 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, amino, or any two adjacent groups of R 2 -R 9 may join to form a monocyclic, polycyclic, or heterocyclic group;
each R 11 is individually H or alkyl;
R 12 is an alkylene group; and
with the proviso that the anodic material contain at least one hydroxyl, hydroxyl substituted alkyl, amine, or amine substituted alkyl group.

3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein E is NR 10 and R 2 -R 9 are H or OR 11 .

4. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the anodic compound is represented by:

wherein:
each R 13 is individually H or alkyl;
R 14 is an alkyl group interrupted by at least one ammonium group.

5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein R 1 and R 14 are represented by:

R 15 -R 18 are individually H or alkyl;
n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12;
n′ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12; and
x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.

6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein n is 4, x is 2, and n′ is 11.

7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte comprising a solvent and a metal salt or an ammonium salt.

Assignees

• Gentex Corp

Inventors

• Theiste David A
• Kloeppner Leroy J
• Franz Sue F
• Giri Punam
• Lin Rongguang

Classifications

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• C07D279/28

  with other substituents attached to the ring system · CPC title

• Y02E60/13

  Energy storage using capacitors · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• C07D241/48

  with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms, directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms · CPC title