Non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9960450-B2
Application number	US-201615008638-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 28, 2016
Priority date	Sep 24, 2013
Publication date	May 1, 2018
Grant date	May 1, 2018

Abstract

To provide a flame retardant non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries, with which a lithium ion secondary battery which is less likely to undergo thermal runaway and which is excellent in the high temperature storage properties can be obtained; and a lithium ion secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries.
A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries, comprising an electrolyte salt and a liquid composition,
which contains either one or both of monofluorophosphate anions and difluorophosphate anions derived from at least part of the electrolyte salt,
wherein at least a lithium salt is contained as one type of the electrolyte salt, and
the liquid composition comprises at least one fluorine-containing solvent (α) selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing ether compound, a fluorine-containing chain carboxylic acid ester compound and a fluorine-containing chain carbonate compound, and a cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound. A lithium ion secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte solution for secondary batteries.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A non-aqueous electrolyte solution, comprising: an electrolyte salt which comprises a lithium salt; and a liquid composition, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising either one or both of monofluorophosphate anions and difluorophosphate anions derived from at least part of the electrolyte salt,
wherein the liquid composition comprises:
at least one fluorine-containing solvent (α) comprising a fluorine-containing ether compound, and optionally one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing chain carboxylic acid ester compound and a fluorine-containing chain carbonate compound, in an amount of from 54.3 to 80 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution;
at least one compound (β) selected from the group consisting of a saturated cyclic carbonate compound, a saturated chain carbonate compound having no fluorine atom, a saturated cyclic sulfone compound, which is not a lithium salt, and a phosphoric acid ester compound, in an amount of from 0.01 mass % to 30 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution; and
a cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound which comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone and ϵ-caprolactone,

wherein the fluorine-containing ether compound comprises CF 3 CH 2 OCF 2 CHF 2 , CF 3 CH 2 OCF 2 CHFCF 3 , CHF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CHF 2 , CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CHF 2 , CH 3 CH 2 OCF 2 CHF 2 , CHF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CHFCF 3 , or a mixture thereof, and
wherein the ratio of the mass of the fluorine-containing ether compound to the total mass of the at least one fluorine-containing solvent (a) is from 70 to 100 mass %.

2. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the sum of the mass of the monofluorophosphate anions and the mass of the difluorophosphate anions to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is from 0.001 to 2 mass %.

3. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the mass of the saturated chain carbonate compound having no fluorine atom to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is at most 30 mass %.

4. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the sum of the mass of the saturated cyclic carbonate compound and the mass of the saturated chain carbonate compound having no fluorine atom to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is at most 30 mass %.

5. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein (N A +N B )/N Li , which is the ratio of the sum of the total number of moles (N A ) of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound and the total number of moles (N B ) of the at least one compound (β) to the total number of moles (N Li ) of lithium atoms derived from the lithium salt, is from 3.0 to 7.0.

6. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt comprises LiPF 6 .

7. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing solvent (α) comprises the fluorine-containing chain carboxylic acid ester compound, and the fluorine-containing chain carboxylic acid ester compound is a compound represented by formula (2):

wherein each of R 3 and R 4 is independently a C 1-3 alkyl group or a C 1-3 fluorinated alkyl group, provided that at least one of R 3 and R 4 is a fluorinated alkyl group.

8. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein N A /N u , which is the ratio of the total number of moles (N A ) of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound to the total number of moles (N Li ) of lithium atoms derived from the lithium salt, is from 1.5 to 7.0.

9. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein a lithium salt content of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is from 0.7 to 1.5 mol/L.

10. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the mass of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound to the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is from 4 to 50 mass %.

11. A lithium ion secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode which comprises, as an active material, a material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions;
a negative electrode which comprises, as an active material, at least one selected from the group consisting of metal lithium, a lithium alloy and a carbon material capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions; and
the non-aqueous electrolyte solution as defined in claim 1 .

12. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one fluorine-containing solvent (a) is from 60 to 80 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

13. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the saturated cyclic carbonate compound is at most 10 mass % with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

14. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the saturated cyclic carbonate compound is at most 5 mass % with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

15. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution does not comprise the saturated cyclic carbonate compound.

16. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises the monofluorophosphate anions, and the monofluorophosphate anions are derived from Li 2 PO 3 F.

17. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises the difluorophosphate anions, and the difluorophosphate anions are derived from LiPO 2 F 2 .

18. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein (N A +N B )/N Li , which is the ratio of the sum of the total number of moles (N A ) of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound and the total number of moles (N B ) of the at least one compound (β) to the total number of moles (N Li ) of lithium atoms derived from the lithium salt, is from 3.5 to 4.5.

19. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein N A /N Li , which is the ratio of the total number of moles (N A ) of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester compound to the total number of moles (N Li ) of lithium atoms derived from the lithium salt, is from 3 to 4.2.

20. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one compound (β) is from 0.1 to 20 mass % with respect to 100 mass % of the non-aqueous electrolyte solution.

Assignees

• Asahi Glass Co Ltd

Inventors

• Onozaki Yu
• Murotani Eisuke
• Enta Toyokazu

Classifications

• H01M2220/30

  Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• Y02T10/7011

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title