Methods and apparatus to determine characteristics of media audiences

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9936255-B2
Application number	US-201514921911-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 23, 2015
Priority date	Oct 23, 2015
Publication date	Apr 3, 2018
Grant date	Apr 3, 2018

Abstract

Methods and apparatus to determine characteristics of media audiences are disclosed. An example method includes creating a constraint matrix based on a first activity associated with a first characteristic of a population, the first activity associated with a second characteristic of the population, and a first combination associated with at least one of the first activity, the first characteristic, and the second characteristic. The example method includes creating a combination total set based on a first measurement for the first activity associated with the first characteristic and a second measurement for the first activity associated with the second characteristic. The example method includes computing a first entropy probability based on the constraint matrix and the combination total set. The example method includes estimating a first portion of the population that matches the first combination based on the first entropy probability.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method to determine characteristics of media audiences, the method comprising:
creating, by executing an instruction via a processor, a constraint matrix in computer memory based on a first activity being associated with a first characteristic of a population, the first activity being associated with a second characteristic of the population, and a first combination being associated with at least one of the first activity, the first characteristic, and the second characteristic;
creating, by executing an instruction via the processor, a combination total set in the computer memory based on a first measurement for the first activity being associated with the first characteristic and a second measurement for the first activity being associated with the second characteristic;
computing, by executing an instruction via the processor, a first entropy probability based on an equality constraint including the constraint matrix and the combination total set; and
reducing an amount of data collected by the processor by estimating, by executing an instruction via the processor, a first portion of the population that matches the first combination based on the first entropy probability.

2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the creating of the constraint matrix is further based on the first activity being associated with a third characteristic of the population.

3. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the creating of the constraint matrix is further based on a second activity being associated with the first characteristic and the second activity being associated with the second characteristic.

4. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the creating of the constraint matrix is further based on a second combination being associated with at least one of the first activity, the first characteristic, and the second characteristic, the second combination being different than the first combination.

5. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the creating of the constraint matrix includes assigning the first activity being associated with the first characteristic as a first row of the constraint matrix, assigning the first activity being associated with the second characteristic as a second row of the constraint matrix, and assigning the first combination as a column of the constraint matrix.

6. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the calculating of the first entropy probability includes performing non-linear optimization of the constraint matrix and the combination total set using a Jacobian and multivariate Newton's method.

7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the computing of the first entropy probability includes approximating a first maximum entropy probability.

8. The method as defined in claim 1 , further including identifying an audience characteristic of the population by utilizing the first portion of the population as partial panelist data to determine the audience characteristic.

9. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the processor includes at least a first processor of a first hardware computer system and a second processor of a second hardware computer system.

10. The method as defined in claim 1 , further including:
identifying the first characteristic;
identifying the second characteristic; and
identifying an association between the first activity and the first characteristic and an association between the first activity and the second characteristic.

11. The method as defined in claim 1 , further including:
collecting the first measurement for the first activity being associated with the first characteristic; and
collecting the second measurement for the first activity being associated with the second characteristic.

12. The method as defined in claim 1 , further including calculating a lower bound of the first portion and an upper bound of the first portion.

13. The method as defined in claim 1 , further including determining an audience characteristic of the population based on the first portion.

14. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first characteristic and the second characteristic include at least one of panelist households having a first quantity of members, panelist households having a second quantity of television sets, and all panelist households.

15. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first activity includes total tuning minutes or total presentation minutes.

16. The method of claim 4 , further including:
computing, by executing an instruction via the processor, a second entropy probability based on the constraint matrix and the combination total set; and
estimating, by executing an instruction via the processor, a second portion of the population that matches the second combination based on the second entropy probability.

17. An apparatus to determine characteristics of media audiences, the apparatus comprising:
a constraint constructor to:
create a constraint matrix in computer memory based on a first activity being associated with a first characteristic of a population, the first activity being associated with a second characteristic of the population, and a first combination being associated with at least one of the first activity, the first characteristic, and the second characteristic; and
create a combination total set in the computer memory based on a first measurement for the first activity being associated with the first characteristic and a second measurement being associated with the second characteristic; and

a probability calculator to:
compute a first entropy probability based on an equality constraint including the constraint matrix and the combination total set; and
reduce an amount of data collected by the constraint constructor by estimating a first portion of the population that matches the first combination based on the first entropy probability.

18. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein the probability calculator is to calculate a lower bound of the first portion and an upper bound of the first portion.

19. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , further including a characteristic determiner to determine an audience characteristic of the population based on the first portion.

20. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein the first characteristic and the second characteristic include at least one of panelist households having a first quantity of members, panelist households having a second quantity of television sets, and all panelist households.

21. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein the first activity includes total tuning minutes or total presentation minutes.

22. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein, to create the constraint matrix, the constraint constructor is to:
assign the first activity being associated with the first characteristic as a first row of the constraint matrix;
assign the first activity being associated with the second characteristic as a second row of the constraint matrix; and
assign the first combination as a column of the constraint matrix.

23. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein, to calculate the first entropy probability, the probability calculator is to perform non-linear optimization of the constraint matrix and the combination total set using a Jacobian and multivariate Newton's method.

24. The apparatus as defined in claim 17 , wherein the constraint constructor is to create the constraint matrix further based on the firs

Assignees

• Nielsen Co Us Llc

Inventors

• Sheppard Michael
• Lipa Peter
• Sullivan Jonathan
• Terrazas Alejandro

Classifications

• H04N21/4667

  Processing of monitored end-user data, e.g. trend analysis based on the log file of viewer selections · CPC title

• H04N21/6582

  Data stored in the client, e.g. viewing habits, hardware capabilities, credit card number (arrangements where receivers interact with the broadcast H04H20/38) · CPC title

• H04H60/45

  for identifying users · CPC title

• H04N21/25891

  being end-user preferences (retrieval of video data in a video database based on user preferences G06F16/739; arrangements for recognizing users' preferences H04H60/46; user profiles in network data switching protocols H04L67/306; processing of user preferences or user profiles in wireless networks H04W8/18) · CPC title

• H04N21/25883

  being end-user demographical data, e.g. age, family status or address (arrangements for identifying locations of users in broadcast systems H04H60/52) · CPC title