Nanostructured electrolytic energy storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9928966-B2
Application number	US-201213730324-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 28, 2012
Priority date	Dec 28, 2012
Publication date	Mar 27, 2018
Grant date	Mar 27, 2018

Abstract

In one embodiment, a structure for an energy storage device may include a first nanostructured substrate having a conductive layer and a dielectric layer formed on the conductive layer. A second nanostructured substrate includes another conductive layer. A separator separates the first and second nanostructured substrates and allows ions of an electrolyte to pass through the separator. The structure may be a nanostructured electrolytic capacitor with the first nanostructured substrate forming a positive electrode and the second nanostructured substrate forming a negative electrode of the capacitor.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A structure, comprising:
a first nanostructured substrate having an array of channels with openings to a porous surface of the first nanostructured substrate and a first conductive layer on the array of channels to provide a first electrode;
a dielectric layer disposed on the first conductive layer;
a second nanostructured substrate having a second conductive layer to provide a second electrode;
an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the second conductive layer; and
a separator to separate the first and second nanostructured substrates and to pass ions of the electrolyte through the separator to the dielectric layer that is between the separator and the first conductive layer, wherein the dielectric layer is configured to introduce an additional capacitor in series with a first capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the first electrode and a second capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the second electrode and to increase a voltage and an energy capacity of the structure.

2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the structure is nanostructured electrolytic capacitor, the first electrode is a positive electrode and the second electrode is a negative electrode.

3. The structure of claim 2 , wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are electric double layer capacitors.

4. The structure of claim 2 , wherein the electrolyte is configured to repair and thicken the dielectric layer locally based on a leakage current of the dielectric layer.

5. The structure of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second nanostructured substrates comprises at least one of silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, carbon, or tin.

6. The structure of claim 1 , wherein a dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is greater than a dielectric constant of the electrolyte.

7. The structure of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and the second nanostructured substrates is formed using a conductive polymer, or a metal foam.

8. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the second conductive layer comprises a pseudocapacitive material.

9. The structure of claim 8 , wherein the pseudocapacitive material includes at least one of Ru0 2 , Mn0 2 , V 2 0 5 , NiO x , and CoO x .

10. An energy storage device, comprising:
a first electrically conductive nanostructure having an array of channels with openings to a porous surface of the first nanostructured substrate and a first conductive layer on the array of channels to provide a first electrode;
a dielectric layer disposed on the first electrically conductive nanostructure;
a second electrically conductive nanostructure to provide a second electrode;
an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the second electrically conductive nanostructure;

and
an electrically insulating separator with ionic conductivity to separate the dielectric layer on the first electrically conductive nanostructure from the second electrically conductive nanostructure and to pass ions of the electrolyte through the electrically insulating separator to the dielectric layer that is between the electrically insulating separator and the first electrically conductive nanostructure, wherein the dielectric layer is configured to introduce an additional capacitor in series with a first capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the first electrode and a second capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the second electrode and to increase a voltage and an energy capacity of the energy storage device.

11. The energy storage device of claim 10 , wherein the energy storage device is a nanostructured electrolytic capacitor, wherein the first electrode is a positive electrode and wherein the second electrode is a negative electrode.

12. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein the electrically insulating separator is configured to provide a first electric double layer for the first capacitor and a second electric double layer for the second capacitor.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein the electrolyte is configured to repair and thicken the dielectric layer locally based on a leakage current of the dielectric layer.

14. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the first and second electrically conductive nanostructures comprises at least one of silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, carbon, or tin.

15. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the first and the second electrically conductive nanostructures comprises a nanostructured substrate that is formed using a conductive polymer, or a metal foam.

16. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein the second electrically conductive nanostructure comprises a pseudocapacitive material.

17. A method, comprising:
forming a first electrically conductive nanostructure having an array of channels with openings to a porous surface of the first nanostructured substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on the array of channels to provide a first electrode;
forming a dielectric layer on the first electrically conductive layer;
forming a second electrically conductive nanostructure to provide a second electrode;
placing an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the second electrically conductive nanostructure; and
forming a separator to separate the dielectric layer on the first electrically conductive nanostructure from the second electrically conductive nanostructure and to pass the ions of the electrolyte through the separator to the dielectric layer that is between the separator and the first electrically conductive nanostructure, wherein the dielectric layer is configured to introduce an additional capacitor in series with a first capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the first electrode and a second capacitor that is created using the electrolyte and the second electrode and to increase a voltage and an energy capacity of the structure.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the first electrode is a positive electrode and the second electrode is a negative electrode of an energy storage device.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are electric double layer capacitors.

20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the electrolyte is configured to repair and thicken the dielectric layer locally based on a leakage current of the dielectric layer.

21. The method of claim 17 , wherein at least one of the first and the second electrically conductive nanostructure includes a nanostructured substrate that is formed using a conductive polymer, or a metal foam.

22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the second electrically conductive nanostructure comprises a pseudocapacitive material.

23. A device, comprising:
a substrate;
a microprocessor over the substrate; and
a energy storage device associated with the microprocessor, the energy storage device comprises a first electrically conductive nanostructure having an array of channels with openings to a porous surface of the first nanostructured substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on the array of channels to provide a first electrode, a dielectric layer disposed on the first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive nanostructure to provide a second electrode, an electrolyte between the dielectric layer and the second electrically conductive nanostructure; and a separator to separate the first electrically conductive nanostr

Assignees

• Intel Corp

Inventors

• Chen Zhaohui
• Gardner Donald S
• Moon Bum Ki
• Holzwarth Charles W
• Pint Cary L
• Clendenning Scott B

Classifications

• G11C13/0016

  comprising polymers · CPC title

• H01L28/82

  Electricity · mapped topic

• H01G11/24 Primary

  characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor · CPC title

• Y10T29/435

  Solid dielectric type · CPC title

• G11C13/0002

  using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements · CPC title