Vibration analysis for blasting

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9927340-B2
Application number	US-201214356858-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 9, 2012
Priority date	Nov 11, 2011
Publication date	Mar 27, 2018
Grant date	Mar 27, 2018

Abstract

A process for vibration analysis, including the steps of: receiving synchronized motion measurements of particle motion in two or three orthogonal dimensions over a selected period of time at a plurality of different measurement locations; and determining one or more strain waveforms in the orthogonal dimensions in regions spanning the plurality of measurement locations using the motion measurements.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A process for vibration analysis of a man-made event in a medium, including the steps of:
receiving, by an analysis machine, motion data representing synchronized motion measurements of particle motion due to the man-made event in two or three orthogonal dimensions over a selected period of time at a plurality of different measurement locations, wherein the synchronized motion measurements are detected and measured by motion sensors in the medium in response to the man-made event and transmitted as data over a communications connection, wherein the synchronized motion measurements are synchronized in time;
determining, by the analysis machine, one or more strain waveforms in two or three orthogonal dimensions respectively in a plurality of regions spanning the plurality of measurement locations by processing the motion measurements, based on relationships between:
displacement differences, elongations, and/or angular changes between the selected measurement locations for each regional;
at least one displacement gradient, strain component or rotation in each of the regions; and
generating, by the analysis machine, strain data representing the strain waveforms.

2. The process of claim 1 , including any one or more of:
determining, by the analysis machine, stress waveforms in the regions spanning the measurement locations, based on the strain waveforms;
removing, by the analysis machine, low-frequency artefacts from motion waveforms based on the motion measurements; and
selecting parameters for making the motion measurements, including any one or more of the following steps:
selecting a spacing of the measurement locations;
selecting a sampling rate for the motion measurements; and
selecting a sampling duration based on the selected period of time.

3. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the motion measurements are synchronized using timing signals from a single source; or
the measurement locations include locations in the near field of mechanical waves associated with the particle motion; or
the motion measurements include displacement measurements, velocity measurements and/or acceleration measurements made by motion sensors at the measurement locations, measured in the orthogonal dimensions.

4. The process of claim 1 , including generating, by the analysis machine, a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) image of strain in the regions.

5. The process of claim 1 , including determining, by the analysis machine, displacement values at the measurement locations using the motion measurements.

6. The process of claim 5 , including determining, by the analysis machine, strain values in the strain waveforms using the displacement gradients or the strain components between the measurement locations based on the respective displacement values.

7. The process of claim 6 , including solving, by the analysis machine, relationships between:
the displacement gradients or the strain components; and
at least three non-collinear ones of the measurement locations for 2D regions, or at least four non-coplanar ones of the measurement locations for 3D regions.

8. The process of claim 7 , including:
simultaneously solving, by the analysis machine, more than three independent equations for 2D regions; or
simultaneously solving, by the analysis machine, more than six independent equations for 3D regions, to determine the strain values,
including optionally solving the equations using a matrix solution method, optionally including a singular value decomposition process.

9. The process of claim 7 ,
wherein the relationships include linear relationships between:
(i) coordinate values of selected ones of the measurement locations;
(ii) the displacement values of the selected measurement locations; and
(iii) the displacement gradients in the regions spanning the selected measurement locations, or
wherein the relationships include linear relationships between:
(i) coordinate values of selected ones of the measurement locations;
(ii) the displacement values of the selected measurement locations;
(iii) the displacement gradients in the regions spanning the selected measurement locations; and
(iv) the rotations of the regions spanning the selected measurement locations, or
wherein the relationships include linear relationships between: (i) the elongations between selected ones of the measurement locations; (ii) the displacement gradients in the regions spanning the selected measurement locations; and (iii) direction cosines of the vectors, or
wherein the relationships include linear relationships between: (i) the angular changes between selected ones of the measurement locations; (ii) the displacement gradients in the regions spanning the selected measurement locations; and (iii) direction cosines of the vectors.

10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the selected ones of the measurement locations are adjacent ones.

11. A process for vibration analysis of a man-made event in a medium, including:
receiving, by an analysis machine, motion data representing synchronized motion measurements of particle motion due to the man-made event at a plurality of measurement locations, wherein the synchronized motion measurements are from motion sensors in the medium, wherein the synchronized motion measurements are synchronized in time;
selecting three or more non-collinear ones of the measurement locations for at least one two-dimensional (2D) strain value, or selecting four or more non-coplanar ones of the measurement locations for at least one three-dimensional (3D) strain value; and
generating, by the analysis machine, strain data representing the 2D or 3D strain value in a region spanning the selected measurement locations, wherein the generating uses the motion measurements and is based on relationships between:
displacement differences, elongations, and/or angular changes between the selected measurement locations; and
at least one displacement gradient, strain component or rotation in the region.

12. The process for vibration analysis of claim 11 , wherein the step of generating the strain data includes the steps of:
determining, by the analysis machine, the strain components of the strain value using vector components of the motion measurements;
determining, by the analysis machine, at least one of the displacement gradients in the region using the motion measurements and spacings between the measurement locations; and
determining, by the analysis machine, the strain value using the at least one displacement gradient.

13. The process for vibration analysis of claim 11 , wherein
the particle motion is linear motion or angular motion; or
the selecting of the ones of the measurement locations includes determining whether available measurement locations are coplanar within a selected tolerance level.

14. An analysis system including modules configured to perform the process of claim 1 .

15. A computer-readable storage media, including computer-readable instructions configured to control at least one microprocessor to perform the process of claim 1 .

16. The process of claim 1 :
wherein the particles are displaced by a blast in two or three orthogonal dimensions, and the receiving is over a selected period of time after the blast, wherein the motion measurements represent relative displacements; and
wherein the process includes the determining the strain waveforms using:
data representing the measurement locations, and
a predetermined relationship between strain in each region, relative locations of ones of the particles surrounding each regi

Assignees

• Orica Int Pte Ltd

Inventors

• Henley Kim Nigel
• Scovira Donald Scott
• Spathis Alexander Theofile
• Yang Ruilin

Classifications

• G01N3/313 Primary

  generated by explosives · CPC title

• G01V1/04

  Details · CPC title

• G01N2291/023

  Solids · CPC title

• G01N2291/0423

  Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves · CPC title

• G01V1/18

  Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone {or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements} · CPC title