System and method for high efficiency power generation using a carbon dioxide circulating working fluid

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9869245-B2
Application number	US-201514717134-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 20, 2015
Priority date	Feb 26, 2009
Publication date	Jan 16, 2018
Grant date	Jan 16, 2018

Abstract

The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO 2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO 2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO 2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A power generation system comprising:
a combustor configured for receiving a fuel, O 2 , and a CO 2 stream, and having at least one combustion stage that combusts the fuel in presence of the CO 2 stream and provides a combustion product stream comprising CO 2 at a pressure of at least about 8 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800° C.;
a first power production turbine and a second power production turbine in series downstream from the combustor and configured for output of a turbine discharge stream comprising CO 2 ;
a heat exchanger configured for receiving the turbine discharge stream from the second power production turbine and transferring heat therefrom to the CO 2 stream; and
one or more separation devices downstream from the heat exchanger and configured to remove one or more components from the turbine discharge stream and output the CO 2 stream;
at least one compressor configured for pressurizing the CO 2 stream; and
at least one heat transfer component in addition to the heat exchanger, the at least one heat transfer component configured for transferring heat from a source other than the turbine discharge stream to the CO 2 stream upstream from the combustor and downstream from the at least one compressor.

2. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compressor includes a first compressor adapted to compress the CO 2 stream to a first pressure that is above the CO 2 critical pressure and a second compressor adapted to compress the CO 2 stream to a second, higher pressure than at least 8 MPa.

3. The power generation system of claim 2 , comprising a cooling device positioned between the first compressor and the second compressor and adapted to cool the CO 2 to a temperature where its density is greater than about 200 kg/m 3 .

4. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one heat transfer component is associated with an O 2 production device.

5. The power generation system of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises at least two heat exchange units.

6. The power generation system of claim 1 , further comprising a secondary heat exchanger located between and in fluid communication with the second power production turbine and the heat exchanger.

7. The power generation system of claim 6 , further comprising a boiler in fluid communication with the secondary heat exchanger via at least one steam stream.

8. The power generation system of claim 7 , further comprising a power production turbine having an inlet for receiving the at least one steam stream from the secondary heat exchanger.

9. A power generation system comprising:
a first combustor;
a first turbine;
a second combustor;
a second turbine;
a compressor;
a heat exchanger configured for transferring neat from a discharge stream exiting the second turbine to a CO 2 stream exiting the compressor, the heat exchanger having:
a first inlet in a working arrangement with an outlet of the second turbine;
a first outlet in a working arrangement with an inlet of the compressor;
a second inlet in a working arrangement with an outlet of the compressor; and
a second outlet in a working arrangement with an inlet of the first combustor; and

at least one heat transfer component in addition to the heat exchanger, the at least one heat transfer component configured for transferring heat from a source other than the discharge stream exiting the second turbine to the CO 2 , stream upstream from the first combustor and downstream from the compressor.

10. The power generation system of claim 9 , wherein the at least one heat transfer component is configured for adding the heat from an air separation unit.

11. The power generation system of claim 9 , wherein the at least one heat transfer component is configured for adding the heat from a steam supply.

12. The power generation system of claim 9 , wherein the at least one heat transfer component is configured for adding the heat from a hot exhaust gas from a conventional open cycle gas turbine.

13. A method of power generation comprising:
expanding a CO 2 -containing stream that has a pressure of at least about 12 MPa and a temperature of at least about 750° C. across a series of a first turbine and a last turbine so as to output from the last turbine a last turbine discharge stream comprising CO 2 ;
passing the last turbine discharge stream though a recuperator heat exchanger to withdraw heat therefrom as a first heat source and form a cooled turbine discharge stream;
isolating at least a portion of the CO 2 from the cooled turbine discharge stream to form a recycle CO 2 stream;
compressing the recycle CO 2 stream to a pressure of at least about 12 MPa to form a compressed recycle CO 2 stream;
heating at least a portion of the compressed recycle CO 2 stream with the first heat source that is the heat withdrawn from the last turbine discharge stream, said heating with the first heat source being done by passing the compressed recycle CO 2 stream through the recuperator heat exchanger, and heating at least a portion of the compressed recycle CO 2 stream with heat from a second heat source that is a source other than the heat withdrawn from the last turbine discharge stream such that a heated, compressed recycle CO 2 stream that has been heated with the first heat source and the second heat source is output from the recuperator heat exchanger;
passing the heated, compressed recycle CO 2 stream from the recuperator heat exchanger to a combustor wherein a fuel is combusted to further heat the heated, compressed recycle CO 2 stream so as to form the CO 2 -containing stream; and
passing the CO 2 -containing stream to the first turbine in the series.

Assignees

• Palmer Labs Llc
• 8 Rivers Capital Llc

Inventors

• Allam Rodney John
• Palmer Miles R
• Brown Jr Glenn William

Classifications

• F01K23/10 Primary

  with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle (F01K17/025 takes precedence) · CPC title

• F23M5/085

  using air or other gas as the cooling medium · CPC title

• F25J3/04018

  of main feed air · CPC title

• F05D2260/61

  Removal of CO2 · CPC title

• F02C3/34

  with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle · CPC title