Perforated flame holder and burner including a perforated flame holder

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9857076-B2
Application number	US-201414763271-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 14, 2014
Priority date	Feb 14, 2013
Publication date	Jan 2, 2018
Grant date	Jan 2, 2018

Abstract

A perforated flame holder and burner including a perforated flame holder provides reduced oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during operation. The perforated flame holder includes a pattern of elongated apertures extending between a proximal and a distal surface of the flame holder relative to a fuel nozzle. The perforated flame holder can provide a significantly reduced flame height while maintaining heat output from the burner.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A burner, comprising:
a fuel nozzle configured to output a fuel stream;
a flame holder disposed away from the fuel nozzle and having a proximal side and a distal side disposed toward and away from the fuel nozzle, respectively, the flame holder further having a plurality of elongated apertures extending through the flame holder from the proximal side of the flame holder to the distal side of the flame holder, the flame holder being configured to support a flame in the plurality of elongated apertures between the proximal side and the distal side of the flame holder; and
a burner tile positioned adjacent to the fuel nozzle and occupying a portion of a distance between the fuel nozzle and the flame holder;
wherein the burner tile defines an intermediate flame support surface disposed along the diverging fuel stream and configured to support a flame during at least one of a start-up, a low fuel flow, or an ignition by a primary flame.

2. The burner of claim 1 , wherein the fuel nozzle is one of a plurality of fuel nozzles, including a primary fuel nozzle and a secondary fuel nozzle; and
wherein the proximal side of the flame holder is positioned between 3 inches and 24 inches away from an intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile.

3. The burner of claim 2 , wherein the proximal side of the flame holder is positioned between 4 inches and 16 inches away from the intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile.

4. The burner of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the fuel nozzle and the proximal side of the flame holder is selected to be sufficient for premixing of a fuel stream outputted by the fuel nozzle and an oxidizer entrained by the fuel stream.

5. The burner of claim 1 , wherein the fuel nozzle is one of a plurality of fuel nozzles, including a primary fuel nozzle and a secondary fuel nozzle;
wherein the primary fuel nozzle is configured to selectably support a primary flame;
wherein the secondary fuel nozzle is configured to output a secondary fuel stream;
wherein the burner tile is positioned between the primary fuel nozzle and the secondary fuel nozzle; and
wherein the primary fuel nozzle is configured to support the primary flame at a trajectory selected to ignite the secondary fuel stream at or near the intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile.

6. The burner of claim 5 , wherein the burner tile is configured such that ignition of the secondary fuel stream by the primary flame substantially prevents premixing of the secondary fuel stream with an oxidizer in the premixing region.

7. The burner of claim 5 , wherein the selectable support of the primary flame includes selectable attenuation and/or selectable stopping of the primary flame; and
wherein the burner tile is configured such that, in the absence of sufficient heat from the primary flame, ignition of the secondary fuel stream at or near the intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile cannot be maintained.

8. The burner of claim 7 , wherein the flame holder is configured such that, once initiated, a flame supported by the flame holder maintains ignition while a sufficient mixture of fuel and oxidizer are provided.

9. The burner of claim 5 , wherein the primary fuel nozzle is configured to support the primary flame at a trajectory that is selectable between the trajectory selected to ignite the secondary fuel stream at or near the intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile and a trajectory selected to not ignite the secondary fuel stream at or near the intermediate flame support surface of the burner tile.

10. A burner, comprising:
a fuel nozzle configured to output a fuel stream;
a flame holder disposed away from the fuel nozzle and having a proximal side and a distal side disposed toward and away from the fuel nozzle, respectively, the flame holder further having a plurality of elongated apertures extending through the flame holder from the proximal side of the flame holder to the distal side of the flame holder, the flame holder being configured to support a flame in the plurality of elongated apertures between the proximal side and the distal side of the flame holder; and
a burner tile positioned adjacent to the fuel nozzle and occupying a portion of a distance between the fuel nozzle and the flame holder;
wherein the fuel nozzle is one of a plurality of fuel nozzles, including a primary fuel nozzle and a secondary fuel nozzle; and
further comprising a primary fuel control valve configured to control fuel flow from a fuel source to the primary fuel nozzle, and a secondary fuel control valve configured to control fuel flow from the fuel source to the secondary fuel nozzle.

11. The burner of claim 10 , wherein the primary fuel control valve is configured to control fuel flow from the fuel source to the primary fuel nozzle independently from a flow rate of fuel controlled by the secondary fuel control valve.

12. The burner of claim 10 , further comprising a primary fuel pressure control element configured to control pressure of fuel flowing to the primary fuel nozzle.

13. The burner of claim 12 , wherein the primary pressure control element is configured to control fuel pressure delivered to the primary fuel nozzle independently from fuel pressure delivered to the secondary fuel nozzle.

14. A burner, comprising:
a fuel nozzle configured to output a fuel stream;
a flame holder disposed away from the fuel nozzle and having a proximal side and a distal side disposed toward and away from the fuel nozzle, respectively, the flame holder further having a plurality of elongated apertures extending through the flame holder from the proximal side of the flame holder to the distal side of the flame holder, the flame holder being configured to support a flame in the plurality of elongated apertures between the proximal side and the distal side of the flame holder; and
a burner tile positioned adjacent to the fuel nozzle and occupying a portion of a distance between the fuel nozzle and the flame holder;
wherein the fuel nozzle is one of a plurality of fuel nozzles, including a primary fuel nozzle and a secondary fuel nozzle;
and further comprising:
a primary deflector configured to control a trajectory of a primary flame supported by the primary fuel nozzle.

15. The burner of claim 14 , wherein the primary deflector is configured to control exposure of the secondary fuel stream to heat from the primary flame.

16. A burner, comprising:
a fuel nozzle configured to output a fuel stream;
a flame holder disposed away from the fuel nozzle and having a proximal side and a distal side disposed toward and away from the fuel nozzle, respectively, the flame holder further having a plurality of elongated apertures extending through the flame holder from the proximal side of the flame holder to the distal side of the flame holder, the flame holder being configured to support a flame in the plurality of elongated apertures between the proximal side and the distal side of the flame holder; and
a burner tile positioned adjacent to the fuel nozzle and occupying a portion of a distance between the fuel nozzle and the flame holder;
wherein the burner tile is disposed adjacent to a combustion air passage configured to provide a fluid including an oxidizer.

17. The burner of claim 16 , wherein the flame holder includes an additional aperture disposed axially to the combustion air passage.

18. The burner of claim 17 , wherein the additional aperture in the flame holder has a diameter of between 0.10 and 1.0 times a diameter of the

Assignees

• Clearsign Comb Corp

Inventors

• Karkow Douglas W
• Colannino Joseph
• Krichtafovitch Igor A
• Breidenthal Robert E
• Wiklof Christopher A

Classifications

• F23C99/001

  Applying electric means or magnetism to combustion (for combustion engines F02B51/04, F02M27/04) · CPC title

• F23M5/025

  specially adapted for burner openings · CPC title

• F23D14/80

  Selection of a non-toxic gas · CPC title

• F23C2200/00

  Combustion techniques for fluent fuel · CPC title

• F23D14/74

  Preventing flame lift-off · CPC title