Positive active material for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9853320-B2
Application number	US-201113011975-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 24, 2011
Priority date	May 6, 2010
Publication date	Dec 26, 2017
Grant date	Dec 26, 2017

Abstract

The positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a composite material of a microporous carbon-based material and a lithium composite compound and a carbon layer on the surface of the composite material.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, comprising:
a composite material comprised of a microporous carbon-based material and a lithium composite compound formed by agglomerating the microporous carbon-based material and the lithium composite compound wherein the composite material comprises secondary particles comprising smaller primary particles of the microporous carbon-based material and the lithium composite compound agglomerated together, and the primary particles have an average particle size (D50) of 1 micrometer or less; and
a carbon layer disposed partially or entirely on the surface of the secondary particles of the composite material, wherein
the microporous carbon-based material comprises one of activated carbon, carbide derived carbon (CDC), expanded carbon, expanded graphite and a combination thereof, has an average particle size (D50) ranging from 100 nm or more and less than 1 μm, and has a specific surface area ranging from 50 m 2 /g to 3000 m 2 /g;
the lithium composite compound comprising Li a A 1-b X b D 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5); Li a A 1-b X b O 2-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a E 1-b X b O 2-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a E 2-b X b O 4-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c D α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.5, 0<α≦2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c O 2-α T α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c O 2-α T 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c D α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α≦2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c O 2-α T α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c O 2-α T 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni b E c G d O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.9, 0≦c≦0.5, 0.001≦d≦0.1); Li a Ni b Co b Mn d G e O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.9, 0≦c≦0.5, 0≦d≦0.5, 0.001≦e≦0.1); Li a NiG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1) Li a CoG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a MnG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a Mn 2 G b O 4 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a Mn 1-g G g PO 4 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0<g≦0.5); wherein A in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and a combination thereof; X in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element, and a combination thereof; D in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, P, and a combination thereof; E in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, and a combination thereof; T in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of F, S, P, and a combination thereof; G in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, and a combination thereof;
the lithium composite compound and the microporous carbon-based material is mixed in a ratio ranging from 99:1 wt % to 70:30 wt %; and
the carbon layer is about 1 nm to about 500 nm thick.

2. The positive active material of claim 1 , the lithium composite compound having an average particle size (D50) ranging from 100 nm to 1 μm.

3. The positive active material of claim 1 , the positive active material further comprising a conductive material.

4. The positive active material of claim 3 , the conductive material being one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber, vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon powder, graphite powder and a combination thereof.

5. The positive active material of claim 3 , the conductive material being in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite material.

6. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
a negative electrode comprising a negative active material;
a positive electrode comprising a positive active material comprising a composite material comprised of a microporous carbon-based material and a lithium composite compound formed by agglomerating the microporous carbon-based material and the lithium composite compound wherein the composite material comprises secondary particles comprising smaller primary particles of the microporous carbon-based material and the lithium composite compound agglomerated together, and the primary particles have an average particle size (D50) of 1 micrometer or less; and a carbon layer partially or entirely disposed partially or entirely on the surface of the secondary particles of the composite material; and
a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein
the microporous carbon-based material comprises one of activated carbon, carbide derived carbon (CDC), expanded carbon, expanded graphite and a combination thereof, has an average particle size (D50) ranging from 100 nm or more and less than 1 μm, and has a specific surface area ranging from 50 m 2 /g to 3000 m 2 /g;
the lithium composite compound comprising Li a A 1-b X b D 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5); Li a A 1-b X b O 2-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a E 1-b X b O 2-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a E 2-b X b O 4-c D c (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c D α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.5, 0<α≦2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c O 2-α T α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Co b X c O 2-α T 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c D α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α≦2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c O 2-α T α (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni 1-b-c Mn b X c O 2-α T 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.5, 0≦c≦0.05, 0<α<2); Li a Ni b E c G d O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.9, 0≦c≦0.5, 0.001≦d≦0.1); Li a Ni b Co b Mn d G e O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0≦b≦0.9, 0≦c≦0.5, 0≦d≦0.5, 0.001≦e≦0.1); Li a NiG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1) Li a CoG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a MnG b O 2 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a Mn 2 G b O 4 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0.001≦b≦0.1); Li a Mn 1-g G g PO 4 (0.90≦a≦1.8, 0<g≦0.5); wherein A in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, and a combination thereof; X in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Al, Ni, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Sr, V, a rare earth element, and a combination thereof; D in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of O, F, S, P, and a combination thereof; E in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, and a combination thereof; T in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of F, S, P, and a combination thereof; G in the above formulae being selected from the group consisting of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, and a combination thereof;
the lithium composite compound and the microporous carbon-based material being mixed in a ratio ranging from 51:49 wt % to 99:1 wt %; and
the carbon layer is about 1 nm to about 500 nm thick.

7. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 6 , the lithium composite compound having an average particle size (D50) ranging from 100 nm to 1 μm.

8. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 6 , the positive active material further comprising a conductive material.

9. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 8 , the conductive material being one of carbon black, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofiber, vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), carbon powder, graphite powder and a combination thereof.

10. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 8 , the conductive material being comprised in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the composite material.

Assignees

• Sheem Kyeu-Yoon
• Ishida Sumihito
• Ka Bok-Hyun
• Samsung Sdi Co Ltd

Inventors

• Sheem Kyeu-Yoon
• Ishida Sumihito
• Ka Bok-Hyun

Classifications

• H01M4/505

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M4/587

  for inserting or intercalating light metals · CPC title

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title