Ultra-fast rechargeable metal-ion battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9843070-B2
Application number	US-201514622692-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 13, 2015
Priority date	Feb 28, 2014
Publication date	Dec 12, 2017
Grant date	Dec 12, 2017

Abstract

A metal-ion battery includes: (1) an anode including aluminum; (2) a cathode including a layered, active material; and (3) an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode to support reversible deposition and dissolution of aluminum at the anode and reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of anions at the cathode.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A metal-ion battery comprising:
an anode including aluminum;
a cathode including a layered, active material; and
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode to support reversible deposition and dissolution of aluminum at the anode and reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of anions at the cathode,
wherein the layered, active material is a pyrolytic graphite foil.

2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the layered, active material has a porosity in the range of 0.05 to 0.95.

3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte corresponds to a mixture of an aluminum halide and an ionic liquid, and a molar ratio of the aluminum halide to the ionic liquid is greater than 1.1.

4. The battery of claim 3 , wherein the aluminum halide is AlCl 3 , and the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

5. The battery of claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of AlCl 3 to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is greater than 1.2.

6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein a water content of the electrolyte is no greater than 1,000 ppm.

7. A metal-ion battery comprising:
an aluminum anode;
a porous graphite cathode; and
an ionic liquid electrolyte disposed between the aluminum anode and the porous graphite cathode,
wherein the porous graphite cathode is a graphite foam that has a porosity of about 0.9.

8. The battery of claim 7 , wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte corresponds to a mixture of an aluminum halide and an ionic liquid, and a molar ratio of the aluminum halide to the ionic liquid is greater than 1.1.

9. The battery of claim 7 , wherein a water content of the ionic liquid electrolyte is no greater than 1,000 ppm.

10. The battery of claim 9 , wherein the water content is no greater than 400 ppm.

11. A method of manufacturing a metal-ion battery, comprising:
providing an anode including aluminum;
providing a porous graphite cathode capable of intercalating ions during charging and de-intercalating the ions during discharging, wherein the porous graphite cathode is a graphite foam that has a porosity of about 0.9; and
providing an electrolyte capable of supporting reversible deposition and dissolution of aluminum at the anode and reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of the ions at the porous graphite cathode.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein providing the porous graphite cathode includes forming the graphite foam through deposition on a porous, sacrificial template.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein providing the porous graphite cathode includes expanding a graphite material through exfoliation of intercalated graphite or through electrochemical gas evolution.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein providing the electrolyte includes electrochemically drying the electrolyte, such that a water content of the electrolyte is no greater than 400 ppm.

15. The battery of claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of AlCl 3 to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is greater than 1.2 and up to 1.8.

Assignees

• Univ Leland Stanford Junior
• Ind Tech Res Inst

Inventors

• Dai Hongjie
• Lin Meng-Chang
• Gong Ming
• Lu Bingan
• Wu Yingpeng

Classifications

• H01M4/38

  of elements or alloys · CPC title

• H01M2300/0031

  Chlorinated solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title

• H01M10/054 Primary

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title