Copper doped SVO compounds as high rate cathode materials

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9812710-B2
Application number	US-201414552040-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 24, 2014
Priority date	Nov 22, 2013
Publication date	Nov 7, 2017
Grant date	Nov 7, 2017

Abstract

The present invention related to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a composite material prepared from a combination of vanadium oxide and either a copper or a silver oxide and the other of a copper or a silver nitrate. The cathode material of the present invention provides an increased gravimetric energy density over the cathode active materials of the prior art along with an increased pulse voltage delivery capacity. This makes the cathode material of the present invention particularly useful for implantable medical applications.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a) an anode of a Group IA metal;
b) a cathode comprising a cathode active material as a mixture of vanadium oxide and either a copper oxide and a silver nitrate, or a copper nitrate and a silver oxide, wherein the cathode active material has a general formula of Cu x Ag y V 4 O z , wherein 0.01≦x≦4.0, 0.1≦y≦4.0 and 7.01≦z≦13.5; and
c) an ionically conductive electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode.

2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the general formula has 0.5≦x≦3.0 and 0.5≦y≦2.5.

3. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a) an anode of a Group IA metal which is electrochemically oxidized to form metal ions in the cell upon discharge to generate an electron flow in an external electrical circuit connected to the cell;
b) a cathode of a cathode active material; and
c) an ionically conductive electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode,
d) wherein the cathode active material is characterized as a reaction product of vanadium oxide and a mixture of either a silver oxide and a copper nitrate, or a copper oxide and a silver nitrate so that the cathode active material has a stoichiometric formulation consisting of either Cu 0.8 Ag 2 V 4 O z with z being about 11.4 or Cu 2.5 Ag 0.7 V 4 O z with z being about 11.6.

4. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the mixture of the copper nitrate and the silver oxide includes silver in either the silver(II), silver(I) or silver(O) oxidation states.

5. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the mixture of the silver nitrate and the copper oxide includes copper in either the copper(II), copper(I) or copper(O) oxidation states.

6. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the vanadium oxide comprises V 4 O z with 7.01≦z≦13.5.

7. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the cathode active material is prepared from starting materials comprising vanadium oxide reacted with either the silver oxide and the copper nitrate, or with the copper oxide and the silver nitrate, the starting materials having been reacted by one of the group consisting of a thermal treatment, sol-gel formation, chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal synthesis.

8. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the cathode further comprises a binder material.

9. The electrochemical cell of claim 8 wherein the binder material is a fluoro-resin powder.

10. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the cathode further comprises a conductive additive material.

11. The electrochemical cell of claim 10 wherein the conductive additive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite and a combination thereof.

12. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the electrolyte comprises a Group IA metal salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent.

13. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein the nonaqueous solvent comprises an inorganic solvent.

14. The electrochemical cell of claim 12 wherein the nonaqueous solvent comprises an organic solvent.

15. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the cathode active material having the stoichiometric formulation of Cu 0.8 Ag 2 V 4 O 11.4 is characterized by an endothermic transition in differential scanning calorimetry data at about 540° C.

16. The electrochemical cell of claim 3 wherein the cathode active material having the stoichiometric formulation of Cu 2.5 Ag 0.7 V 4 O 11.6 is characterized by an endothermic transition in differential scanning calorimetry data at about 535° C.

17. A cathode for an electrochemical cell, the cathode comprising a cathode active material as a mixture of vanadium oxide and either a copper nitrate and a silver oxide, or a copper oxide and a silver nitrate, wherein the cathode active material has the general formula Cu x Ag y V 4 O z , wherein 0.01≦x≦4.0, 0.1≦y≦4.0 and 7.01≦z≦13.5.

18. The cathode of claim 17 wherein in the general formula x ≦z.

19. A cathode for an electrochemical cell, the cathode comprising a cathode active material characterized as a reaction product formed by either a thermal decomposition reaction or a thermal addition reaction of vanadium oxide and a mixture of either a silver oxide and a copper nitrate, or a copper oxide and a silver nitrate, and wherein the cathode active material has a stoichiometric formulation consisting of either Cu 0.8 Ag 2 V 4 O z with z being about 11.4 or Cu 2.5 Ag 0.7 V 4 O z with z being about 11.6.

20. The cathode of claim 19 wherein one component of the cathode active material comprises V 4 O z with 7.01≦z≦13.5.

21. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the mixture of the copper nitrate and the silver oxide includes silver in either the silver(II), silver(I) or silver(O) oxidation states.

22. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the mixture of the silver nitrate and the copper oxide includes copper in either the copper(II), copper(I) or copper(O) oxidation states.

23. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the cathode active material is prepared from starting materials comprising vanadium oxide and the mixture of either the silver oxide and the copper nitrate, or the copper oxide and the silver nitrate reacted together by one of the group consisting of a thermal treatment, sol-gel formation, chemical vapor deposition and hydrothermal synthesis.

24. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the cathode further comprises a binder material.

25. The cathode of claim 24 wherein the binder material is a fluoro-resin powder.

26. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the cathode further comprises a conductive additive material.

27. The cathode of claim 26 wherein the conductive additive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon, graphite and a combination thereof.

28. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the cathode active material having the stoichiometric formulation of Cu 0.8 Ag 2.0 V 4 O 11.4 is characterized by an endothermic transition in differential scanning calorimetry data at about 540° C.

29. The cathode of claim 19 wherein the cathode active material having the stoichiometric formulation of Cu 2.5 Ag 0.7 V 4 O 11.6 is characterized by an endothermic transition in differential scanning calorimetry data at about 535° C.

30. A method of making a cathode for an electrochemical cell, the cathode comprising a cathode active material, which method comprises the steps of:
a) combining vanadium oxide with a mixture comprising either a silver oxide and a copper nitrate, or a copper oxide and a silver nitrate to provide a metal oxide matrix admixture;
b) reacting the metal oxide matrix admixture to provide the cathode active material having the general formula Cu x Ag y V 4 O z , wherein 0.01≦x≦4.0, 0.1≦y≦4.0 and 7.01≦z≦13.5; and
c) forming the cathode active material into the cathode of a desired shape.

31. A method of making a cathode for an electrochemical cell, the cathode comprising a cathode active material, which method comprises the steps of:
a) combining vanadium oxide with a mixture comprising either a silver oxide and a copper nitrate, or a copper oxide and a silver nitrate to provide a metal oxide matrix admixture;
b) reacting the metal oxide matrix admixture to provide the cathode active material having a stoichiometric formulation consisting of either Cu 0.8 Ag 2 V 4 O z with z being about 11.4 or Cu 2.5 Ag 0.7 V 4 O z with z being about 11.

Assignees

• Greatbatch Ltd

Inventors

• Gan Hong
• Lehnes Joseph
• Xing Weibing

Classifications

• H01M8/188

  by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/54 Primary

  of silver · CPC title

• H01M8/20

  Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible (H01M8/18 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/483

  for non-aqueous cells (H01M4/485 takes precedence) · CPC title

• Y02E60/528

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic