Systems and methods for converting biomass to biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9797597-B2
Application number	US-201414483798-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 11, 2014
Priority date	Oct 3, 2013
Publication date	Oct 24, 2017
Grant date	Oct 24, 2017

Abstract

Systems and processes of providing novel thermal energy sources for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) reactors are described herein. According to various implementations, the systems and processes use concentrated solar thermal energy from a focused high-energy beam to provide sufficient energy for driving the HTL biomass-to-biocrude process. In addition, other implementations convert biowaste, such as municipal biosolids and grease and food waste, to biocrude using anaerobic digesters, and a portion of the biogas generated by the digesters is used to produce the thermal and/or electrical energy used in the HTL reactor for the biomass-to-biocrude process. Furthermore, alternative implementations may include a hybrid system that uses biogas and solar radiation to provide sufficient thermal energy for the HTL reactor.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A system for converting biomass to biocrude comprising:
a hydrothermal liquefaction reactor configured for converting biomass feedstock to biocrude; and
a solar thermal energy collection system configured for providing concentrated solar thermal energy to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock, the solar thermal energy collection system comprises:
a solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism, and
a receiver that is operatively positioned adjacent the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism, the receiver configured for receiving concentrated solar thermal energy from the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism, wherein the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor is disposed adjacent the receiver.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a concave dish, a parabolic mirror, a photovoltaic panel, and a Fresnel lens.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor comprises a coiled conduit disposed within a housing of the receiver.

4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump configured for continuously pumping the biomass feedstock through the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pump is configured for pumping the biomass feedstock at a pressure around 20 MPa.

6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a quencher disposed adjacent an exit of the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the quencher configured for quickly cooling the biocrude.

7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a heat exchanger downstream of the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the heat exchanger configured for harvesting the thermal energy from the biomass feedstock.

8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a generator configured for generating electrical energy for at least one of one or more pumps and one or more electrical components, wherein the thermal energy from the heat exchanger is used for driving the generator.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor comprises a first hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the system further comprising a second hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the second hydrothermal liquefaction reactor being disposed downstream of the first hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, and the thermal energy from the heat exchanger is transferred to the second hydrothermal liquefaction reactor.

10. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a filtration mechanism disposed downstream of the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the filtration mechanism configured for substantially removing polar components from the biocrude.

11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises biowaste.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the biowaste comprises municipal biosolid waste, grease waste, and/or food waste.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises algae and/or marine biomass.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises animal waste.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises wood waste.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feedstock comprises cellulosic waste.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein a first portion of the thermal energy from the solar thermal energy collection system is provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock and a second portion of the thermal energy from the solar thermal energy collection system is provided to a generator to generate electrical energy, at least a portion of the generated electrical energy being provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock.

18. The system of claim 1 , wherein thermal energy is collected from combusted biogas, a first portion of the thermal energy collected from the combusted biogas being provided to a generator to generate electrical energy, and a second portion of the thermal energy collected from the combusted biogas being provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock.

19. A system for converting biomass to biocrude comprising:
a hydrothermal liquefaction reactor configured for converting biomass feedstock to biocrude; and
a solar thermal energy collection system configured for providing concentrated solar thermal energy to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock,
wherein the solar thermal energy collection system comprises a receiver and a solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism, the receiver being operatively positioned adjacent the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism and configured for receiving concentrated solar thermal energy from the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism, and a heat transfer fluid is configured for transferring at least a portion of the concentrated thermal energy from the receiver to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor being disposed remotely from the receiver.

20. The system of claim 19 , wherein a first portion of the thermal energy from the solar thermal energy collection system is provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock and a second portion of the thermal energy from the solar thermal energy collection system is provided to a generator to generate electrical energy, at least a portion of the generated electrical energy being provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein thermal energy is collected from combusted biogas, a first portion of the thermal energy collected from the combusted biogas being provided to a generator to generate electrical energy, and a second portion of the thermal energy collected from the combusted biogas being provided to the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor for heating the biomass feedstock.

22. The system of claim 19 , wherein the solar thermal energy concentrating mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a concave dish, a parabolic mirror, a photovoltaic panel, and a Fresnel lens.

23. The system of claim 19 , further comprising a pump configured for continuously pumping the biomass feedstock through the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor.

24. The system of claim 23 , wherein the pump is configured for pumping the biomass feedstock at a pressure around 20 MPa.

25. The system of claim 19 , further comprising a quencher disposed adjacent an exit of the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the quencher configured for quickly cooling the biocrude.

26. The system of claim 19 , further comprising a heat exchanger downstream of the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the heat exchanger configured for harvesting the thermal energy from the biomass feedstock.

27. The system of claim 26 , further comprising a generator configured for generating electrical energy for at least one of one or more pumps and one or more electrical components, wherein the thermal energy from the heat exchanger is used for driving the generator.

28. The system of claim 26 , wherein the hydrothermal liquefaction reactor comprises a first hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the system further comprising a second hydrothermal liquefaction reactor, the second hydrothermal liquefaction reactor being disposed downstream of the

Assignees

• Univ Texas

Inventors

• Berberoglu Halil
• Connelly Rhykka L
• Anthony joey
• Bond Cody

Classifications

• C12M21/12

  for producing fuels or solvents (C12M21/04 takes precedence; liquid carbonaceous fuels C10L1/00, solid fuels C10L5/00) · CPC title

• C12M43/08

  Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices or plants for production of electricity · CPC title

• F23G5/027 Primary

  pyrolising or gasifying stage (pyrolisation of sludge C02F11/00; destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials C10B53/00) · CPC title

• Y02P20/129

  Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines · CPC title

• C10G2300/1007

  Used oils · CPC title