System, apparatus, and method for micro-capillary heat exchanger

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9784505-B2
Application number	US-201313894538-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	May 15, 2013
Priority date	May 15, 2012
Publication date	Oct 10, 2017
Grant date	Oct 10, 2017

Abstract

A heat exchanger for use with a refrigeration device having a FPA disposed therein being comprised of a polymeric composite mesh material having a hot end and a cold end and defining an array of weft capillaries interwoven with a perpendicular array of warp strands. The array of weft capillaries may include a plurality of high pressure inlet capillaries for channeling and distributing high pressure gas from an inlet at the hot end to a Joule-Thomson orifice at the cold end, a plurality of low pressure outlet capillaries for channeling and distributing high pressure gas from a Joule-Thomson orifice to an outlet of the heat exchanger, and a plurality of low thermal conductivity fibers interspersed between the high pressure inlet capillaries and the low pressure outlet capillaries. In example embodiments. the array of warp strands comprises at least one or more of carbon fibers, copper fibers or glass fibers.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A micro-capillary heat exchanger, comprising: a composite mesh material having a geometric shape, a hot end and a cold end, said composite mesh material comprising a polymeric material defining an array of weft capillaries formed in the polymeric material for channeling a refrigerant to perform a heat exchange application and a perpendicular array of warp strands in the polymeric material, said array of weft capillaries being interwoven according to a weft curvature with the perpendicular array of warp strands wherein the array of warp strands comprises at least one of fiber or wire having a thermal conductivity for the heat exchange application of a cyrocooler, wherein the polymeric material fills interstitial space between the array of weft capillaries and the perpendicular array of warp strands bounded by the geometric shape.

2. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material comprises an epoxy resin.

3. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , further comprising an inlet and an outlet;
wherein the array of weft capillaries comprises:
a plurality of inlet capillaries for channeling and distributing refrigerant from the inlet at the hot end to a Joule-Thomson orifice at the cold end; and a plurality of outlet capillaries for channeling and distributing refrigerant from a Joule-Thomson orifice to the outlet of the heat exchanger.

4. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 3 , wherein the array of weft capillaries further comprising a plurality of thermally insulating glass fibers in the polymeric material and being interspersed between the plurality of inlet capillaries and the plurality of outlet capillaries.

5. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of fiber or wire having the thermal conductivity comprises at least one of carbon fibers and copper fibers.

6. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductivity is a first thermal conductivity; and the array of warp strands comprises at least one of fiber or wire having a second thermal conductivity wherein the second thermal conductivity is lower than the first thermal conductivity wherein the array of warp strands provides lateral thermal conduction.

7. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a planar, Joule-Thomson heat exchanger.

8. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to provide 0.5 W cooling at 150K.

9. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the array of weft capillaries having a diameter of approximately 10-1000 microns.

10. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 1 , wherein the array of capillaries comprises at least four capillaries.

11. A micro-capillary heat exchanger for rapidly cooling a focal plane array (FPA) disposed within an integrated detector cooler assembly (IDCA), comprising:
a cold end located proximate to a Joule-Thomson orifice;
a hot end located proximate a source of refrigerant, the cold end and the hot end being separated by a defined dimension; and
means for conducting a refrigerant from the hot end to the Joule-Thomson orifice and for conducting a refrigerant from the Joule-Thomson orifice to the hot end, said means comprising a composite mesh material having a geometric shape and being connected to the FPA, the composite mesh material comprising a polymeric material defining an array of weft capillaries to channel the refrigerant and the refrigerant to perform a heat exchange application interwoven according to a weft curvature with a perpendicular array of warp strands in the polymeric material, wherein the polymeric material fills interstitial space between the array of weft capillaries and the perpendicular array of warp strands bounded by the geometric shape.

12. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 11 , further comprising an inlet and an outlet; wherein the array of weft capillaries comprises:
a plurality of inlet capillaries for channeling and distributing the refrigerant from the inlet at the hot end to the Joule-Thomson orifice at the cold end; a plurality of outlet capillaries for channeling and distributing the refrigerant from the Joule-Thomson orifice to the outlet of the heat exchanger; and a plurality of thermally insulating glass fibers interspersed between the inlet capillaries and the outlet capillaries.

13. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the array of warp strands comprises one or more of carbon fibers, carbon wires, copper wires, or copper fibers.

14. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the array of warp strands comprises at least one of fiber or wire having a first thermal conductivity and at least one fiber or wire having a second thermal conductivity wherein the second thermal conductivity is lower than the first thermal conductivity wherein the array of warp strands provides lateral thermal conduction.

15. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 12 , wherein the array of weft capillaries further comprises a plurality of thermally insulating glass fibers interspersed between the inlet capillaries and the outlet capillaries.

16. A micro-capillary heat exchanger, comprising:
a composite mesh material having a geometric shape, a hot end and a cold end, said composite mesh material comprising a polymeric material defining an array of weft capillaries for channeling a refrigerant to perform a heat exchange application and a perpendicular array of warp strands in the polymeric material, said array of weft capillaries being interwoven according to a weft curvature with the perpendicular array of warp strands and the polymeric material fills interstitial space between the array of weft capillaries and the perpendicular array of warp strands bounded by the geometric shape;
an inlet; and
an outlet wherein the array of weft capillaries comprises:
a plurality of inlet capillaries defined in the polymeric material for channeling and distributing refrigerant from the inlet at the hot end to a Joule-Thomson orifice at the cold end;
a plurality of outlet capillaries defined in the polymeric material for channeling and distributing refrigerant from a Joule-Thomson orifice to the outlet of the heat exchanger; and
a plurality of thermally insulating glass fibers in the polymeric material and being interspersed between the inlet capillaries and the outlet capillaries; and
the array of warp strands comprises:
at least one of fiber or wire having a first thermal conductivity; and
at least one fiber or wire having a second thermal conductivity which is lower than the first thermal conductivity wherein the array of warp strands provides lateral thermal conduction.

17. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 16 , wherein the heat exchanger is a counter-flow heat exchanger.

18. The micro-capillary heat exchanger of claim 11 , wherein the heat exchanger is a counter-flow heat exchanger.

Assignees

• Lockheed Martin Corporation—Missiles and Fire Control
• Lockheed Corp

Inventors

• Olson Jeffrey R

Classifications

• F25B2309/02

  using the Joule-Thompson effect · CPC title

• F28F21/062

  the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits · CPC title

• F28D15/046 Primary

  characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure · CPC title

• F28F21/06 Primary

  of plastics material · CPC title

• F28F2260/02

  having microchannels · CPC title