Capacitor with electrodes made of an interconnected corrugated carbon-based network

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9779884-B2
Application number	US-201314382463-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 5, 2013
Priority date	Mar 5, 2012
Publication date	Oct 3, 2017
Grant date	Oct 3, 2017

Abstract

Capacitors having electrodes made of interconnected corrugated carbon-based networks (ICCNs) are disclosed. The ICCN electrodes have properties that include high surface area and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the electrodes are fabricated into an interdigital planar geometry with dimensions that range down to a sub-micron scale. As such, micro-supercapacitors employing ICCN electrodes are fabricated on flexible substrates for realizing flexible electronics and on-chip applications that can be integrated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology in a single chip. In addition, capacitors fabricated of ICCN electrodes that sandwich an ion porous separator realize relatively thin and flexible supercapacitors that provide compact and lightweight yet high density energy storage for scalable applications.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A capacitor comprising: a first electrode; and a second electrode separated from the first electrode by a dielectric wherein at least one of either the first electrode or the second electrode is made of an interconnected corrugated carbon-based network (ICCN) having a plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers, wherein each of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers comprises at least one corrugated carbon sheet that is one atom thick.

2. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the first electrode comprises a plurality of first extending electrode digits and the second electrode comprises a plurality of second extending electrode digits that are interdigitated with the first extending electrode digits.

3. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein both the first electrode and the second electrode are made of ICCN.

4. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein either the first electrode or the second electrode is made of a metal and the remaining electrode is made of ICCN.

5. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits are greater than around about 330 μm in width.

6. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits are greater than around about 810 μm in width.

7. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein each of the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits are greater than around about 1770 μm in width.

8. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein an interspace distance between the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits is less than around about 150 μm.

9. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein an interspace distance between the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits is less than around about 100 μm.

10. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein an interspace distance between the plurality of first extending electrode digits and each of the plurality of second extending electrode digits is less than around about 50 μm.

11. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein a total geometric area of the first electrode and the second electrode is less than around about 50 mm 2.

12. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein a total geometric area of the first electrode and the second electrode is less than around about 40 mm 2.

13. The capacitor of claim 2 wherein a total geometric area of the first electrode and the second electrode is less than around about 30 mm 2.

14. The capacitor of claim 1 having a power density of greater than around about 150 W/cm 3.

15. The capacitor of claim 1 having a power density of greater than around about 200 W/cm 3.

16. The capacitor of claim 1 having a power density of greater than around about 250 W/cm 3.

17. The capacitor of claim 1 having a time constant of less than around about 20 ms.

18. The capacitor of claim 1 having a time constant of less than around about 15 ms.

19. The capacitor of claim 1 having a time constant of less than around about 10 ms.

20. The capacitor of claim 1 further including an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

21. The capacitor of claim 20 wherein the electrolyte provides a voltage window between a maximum charged voltage and a minimum discharged voltage of around about 2.5 V.

22. The capacitor of claim 20 wherein the electrolyte is an ionogel.

23. The capacitor of claim 20 wherein the electrolyte is fumed silica (FS) nano-powder mixed with an ionic liquid.

24. The capacitor of claim 23 wherein the ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.

25. The capacitor of claim 20 wherein the electrolyte is a hydrogel.

26. The capacitor of claim 25 wherein the hydrogel is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-H 2 SO 4 .

27. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein each of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers comprises a plurality of corrugated carbon sheets that are each one atom thick.

28. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity that is greater than around about 1500 S/m.

29. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity that is greater than around about 1600 S/m.

30. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity of around about 1650 S/m.

31. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity that is greater than around about 1700 S/m.

32. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity of around about 1738 S/m.

33. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers has a surface area that is greater than around about 1000 square meters per gram (m 2 /g).

34. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers has a surface area that is greater than around about 1500 m 2 /g.

35. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers has a surface area of around about 1520 m 2 /g.

36. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity that is greater than around about 1700 S/m and a surface area that is around about 1500 m 2 /g.

37. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers yields an electrical conductivity of around about 1650 S/m and a surface area of around about 1520 m 2 /g.

38. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein a second order disordered (2D) Raman peak for the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers shifts from around about 2730 cm −1 to around about 2688 cm −1 after the ICCN is reduced from a carbon-based oxide.

39. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein a 2D Raman peak for the ICCN shifts from around about 2700 cm −1 to around about 2600 cm −1 after the ICCN is reduced from a carbon-based oxide.

40. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein an average thickness of the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers is around about 7.6 μm.

41. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein a range of thicknesses of the plurality of expanded and interconnected carbon layers is from around about 7 μm to around about 8 μm.

42. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein an oxygen content of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers is around about 3.5%.

43. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein an oxygen content of the expanded and interconnected carbon layers ranges from around about 1% to around about 5%.

44. The capacitor of claim 1 wherein the plurality of expanded and interconnecte

Assignees

• Univ California

Inventors

• El-Kady Maher F
• Strong Veronica A
• Kaner Richard B

Classifications

• H01G11/24

  characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor · CPC title

• Y02T10/7022

  Cross-Sectional Technologies · mapped topic

• H01G11/36

  Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes · CPC title

• H01G11/26

  characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features · CPC title

• Y02E60/13

  Energy storage using capacitors · CPC title