Chemical carbon dioxide gas generator

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9744509-B2
Application number	US-201213982416-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 7, 2012
Priority date	Feb 7, 2011
Publication date	Aug 29, 2017
Grant date	Aug 29, 2017

Abstract

A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising:
a charge housing; a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising
a) 40-60 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, other carbonates, magnesium oxalate and other oxalates, b) 20-50 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates, c) 1-20 wt. % of carbon or another fuel, d) 1-10 wt. % binder, said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge;
an ignition device for igniting the charge; a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products—which may have been formed by the charge—in the generated carbon dioxide, and/or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator comprising:
a charge housing;
a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in the said housing, the charge comprising:
a) 40-70 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxalate and calcium oxalate,
b) 20-44 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates,
c) 1-5 wt. % of carbon, the charge further comprising
d) 1-10 wt. % inorganic binder, which inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of water glass, mineral clays and zeolites;
said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge;

an ignition device for igniting the charge;
a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products—which may have been formed by the charge—in the generated carbon dioxide, and/or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and
an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge;
wherein the carbon dioxide gas passing the outlet comprises at least 80 mol % carbon dioxide and 1 mol % or less CO.

2. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the water glass is potassium water glass.

3. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon dioxide gas treatment unit comprises at least one material selected from the group of chlorine adsorbents, water adsorbents, and materials capable of converting or catalysing the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

4. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the charge comprises one or more additives selected from the group of burn rate modifiers, catalysts for catalysing the generation of carbon dioxide and chlorine scavengers, in a total concentration of up to 10 wt. %.

5. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide is in the range of 45-65 wt. %.

6. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the oxidiser is in the range of 25-44 wt. %.

7. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the inorganic binder is in the range of 3-9 wt. %.

8. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide is magnesium carbonate, and the oxidiser is sodium chlorate.

9. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the charge is a structure comprising channels through the structure, which structure is provided by a granular material, of which the granules are bound together by the inorganic binder.

10. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 wherein the charge has a porosity (ε p ), defined as:
1-(the charge density (ρ ch ) divided by the maximum theoretic composition density (ρ c )),
in the range of 0.30 to 0.65.

11. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein:
the concentration of the substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide is in the range of 50-60 wt. %;
the concentration of the oxidiser is in the range of 30-40 wt. %;
the concentration of the binder is in the range of 4-8 wt. %.

12. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 10 , wherein the porosity (ε p ) is in the range of 0.40 to 0.60.

13. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the gas generator generates a carbon dioxide gas having a temperature of 70° C. or less at the outlet of the gas generator, after igniting the charge by the ignition device.

14. A chemical carbon dioxide gas generator according to claim 13 , wherein the gas generator generates a carbon dioxide gas having a temperature of 50° C. or less at the outlet, after igniting the charge by the ignition device.

15. A device comprising a gas generator according to claim 1 , wherein the device is selected from the group of fire-extinguish devices, systems for extinguishing fire in a building, inflatable devices, and pneumatically driven devices.

16. A device according to claim 15 , wherein the device is a fire-extinguish device.

17. A device according to claim 15 , wherein the device is a pneumatically driven device.

18. A method for generating carbon dioxide, comprising
providing a gas generator, comprising
a charge housing;
a carbon dioxide gas penetrable charge, contained in said charge housing, the charge comprising
a) 40-70% wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the group of magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxalate and calcium oxalate,
b) 20-44 wt. % of an oxidiser selected from the group of sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, lithium chlorate, other metal chlorates, sodium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, lithium perchlorate, and other metal perchlorates,
c) 1-5 wt. % of carbon, the charge further comprising
d) 1-10 wt. % inorganic binder, which inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of water glass, mineral clays and zeolites;
said components a), b), c) and d) together forming 90-100 wt. % of the total weight of the charge;

an ignition device for igniting the charge;
a carbon dioxide gas treatment unit for reducing the content of one or more side-products—which may have been formed by the charge—in the generated carbon dioxide, and/or for cooling carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge; and
an outlet for carbon dioxide gas generated by the charge;

decomposing the substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, thereby forming carbon dioxide gas;
allowing the carbon dioxide gas to pass through the charge into the carbon dioxide gas treatment unit and thereafter through the carbon dioxide gas treatment unit; and
allowing to pass the gas through the outlet;
wherein the carbon dioxide gas passing the outlet comprises at least 80 mol % carbon dioxide and 1 mol % or less CO.

19. Method according to claim 18 , wherein the gas is allowed to the pass through the outlet at a temperature of 100° C. or less.

20. Method according to claim 18 , wherein the carbon dioxide gas passing the outlet comprises at least 80 mol % carbon dioxide, less than 0.1 mol % chlorine, less than 0.1 mol % CO, and less than 1 mol % water.

21. Method according to claim 18 , wherein the carbon dioxide gas is passed through the charge by a pressure difference between the outlet and the inner of the housing wherein the charge is present, said pressure difference being generated by the gas formed by the decomposition.

22. Method according to claim 20 , wherein the carbon dioxide gas comprises at least 80 mol % carbon dioxide, less than 0.1 ppmv chlorine, less than 25 ppmv CO, and less than 0.1 mol % water.

23. A method according to claim 20 , wherein the gas comprises 15 mol % or less oxygen.

24. A charge material suitable for generating carbon dioxide gas, the charge material comprising:
a) 40-70 wt. % of a substance which upon decomposition generates carbon dioxide, which substance is selected from the

Assignees

• Van Vliet Laurens Daniël
• Van Pul-Verboom Viola
• Schuurbiers Cornelis Anthonius Hubertus
• Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno

Inventors

• Van Vliet Laurens Daniël
• Van Pul-Verboom Viola
• Schuurbiers Cornelis Anthonius Hubertus

Classifications

• C06D5/06 Primary

  by reaction of two or more solids · CPC title

• C01B32/50 Primary

  Carbon dioxide · CPC title

• C06B23/04

  for cooling the explosion gases {including antifouling and flash suppressing agents} · CPC title

• B01J7/00 Primary

  Apparatus for generating gases (production of inert gas mixtures B01J19/14; for generating specific gases, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. C01B, C10J {; in "air bags" on vehicles B60R21/26; for starter gas F02C7/26; blasting cartridges for producing gas under pressure F42B3/04}) · CPC title

• C01B31/20

  Chemistry & Metallurgy · mapped topic