Electrolyte for three-volt ultracapacitor

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9715970-B2
Application number	US-201314047593-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 7, 2013
Priority date	Oct 8, 2012
Publication date	Jul 25, 2017
Grant date	Jul 25, 2017

Abstract

An electric double-layer ultracapacitor configured to maintain desired operation at an operating voltage of three volts, where the capacitor includes a housing component, a first and a second current collector, a positive and a negative electrode electrically coupled to one of the first and second current collectors, and a separator positioned between the positive and the negative electrode. The capacitor may also include an electrolyte in ionic contact with the electrodes and the separator, the electrolyte having acetonitrile and a quaternary ammonium salt with a molarity of less than one.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An ultracapacitor, comprising:
a first current collector and a second current collector;
a positive electrode electrically coupled to the first current collector;
a negative electrode electrically coupled to the second current collector;
a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a quaternary ammonium salt in ionic contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises less than 1M salt; and
a housing component to retain the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the electrolyte, wherein the ultracapacitor is configured to operate between about 2.8 volts to about 3 volts, and
wherein the ultracapacitor is further configured to operate at 65° C. with a cycle life of greater than 500k cycles.

2. The ultracapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium, triethylmethyl ammonium and tetraethyl ammonium.

3. The ultracapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate and iodide.

4. The ultracapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises acetonitrile.

5. The ultracapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the salt concentration of the electrolyte is about 0.8M.

6. The ultracapacitor of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode and negative electrode each independently comprise a dry electrode film comprising carbon and binder.

7. An ultracapacitor comprising:
a first current collector and a second current collector;
a positive electrode electrically coupled to the first current collector;
a negative electrode electrically coupled to the second current collector;
a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a quaternary ammonium salt in ionic contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises less than 1M salt; and
a housing component to retain the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the electrolyte;
wherein the ultracapacitor is configured to operate at 3 volts or greater at 65° C. and maintain greater than 80% of its initial capacitance for over 1500 hours.

8. The ultracapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium, triethylmethyl ammonium and tetraethyl ammonium.

9. The ultracapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate and iodide.

10. The ultracapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises acetonitrile.

11. The ultracapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the salt concentration of the electrolyte is about 0.8M.

12. The ultracapacitor of claim 7 , wherein the positive electrode and negative electrode each independently comprise a dry electrode film comprising carbon and binder.

13. An ultracapacitor, comprising:
a first current collector and a second current collector;
a positive electrode electrically coupled to the first current collector;
a negative electrode electrically coupled to the second current collector;
a separator positioned between the positive electrode and the negative electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a quaternary ammonium salt in ionic contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises less than 1M salt; and
a housing component to retain the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the electrolyte;
wherein the ultracapacitor is configured to operate at 3 volts or greater at 65° C. and maintain less than 200% of its initial equivalent series resistance for over 1500 hours.

14. The ultracapacitor of claim 13 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises a cation selected from the group consisting of spiro-(1,1′)-bipyrrolidinium, triethylmethyl ammonium and tetraethyl ammonium.

15. The ultracapacitor of claim 13 , wherein the quaternary ammonium salt comprises an anion selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroborate and iodide.

16. The ultracapacitor of claim 13 , wherein the electrolyte further comprises acetonitrile.

17. The ultracapacitor of claim 13 , wherein the salt concentration of the electrolyte is about 0.8M.

18. The ultracapacitor of claim 13 , wherein the positive electrode and negative electrode each independently comprise a dry electrode film comprising carbon and binder.

Assignees

• Maxwell Lab

Inventors

• Bendale Priya
• Crawford Robert
• Mitchell Porter
• Nelson Jeffrey
• Schafer Doug
• Xi Xiaomei

Classifications

• H01G11/60

  characterised by the solvent · CPC title

• H01G11/58

  Liquid electrolytes · CPC title

• H01G11/54

  Electrolytes · CPC title

• H01G11/68

  characterised by their material · CPC title

• H01G11/38

  Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein · CPC title