Heteroaromatic-based electrolytes for lithium and lithium-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9627712-B2
Application number	US-201414179051-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 12, 2014
Priority date	Sep 23, 2010
Publication date	Apr 18, 2017
Grant date	Apr 18, 2017

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrolyte for lithium and/or lithium-ion batteries comprising a lithium salt in a liquid carrier comprising heteroaromatic compound including a five-membered or six-membered heteroaromatic ring moiety selected from the group consisting of a furan, a pyrazine, a triazine, a pyrrole, and a thiophene, the heteroaromatic ring moiety bearing least one carboxylic ester or carboxylic anhydride substituent bound to at least one carbon atom of the heteroaromatic ring. Preferred heteroaromatic ring moieties include pyridine compounds, pyrazine compounds, pyrrole compounds, furan compounds, and thiophene compounds.

First claim

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. An electrolyte composition suitable for use in a lithium battery, a lithium-ion battery, or both; the electrolyte composition comprising a lithium salt in a liquid carrier comprising a heteroaromatic compound including a five-membered or six-membered heteroaromatic ring moiety selected from the group consisting of 3-ethyl furoate, a triazine, and a pyrrole the heteroaromatic ring moiety bearing at least one carboxylic ester or carboxylic anhydride substituent bound to at least one carbon atom of the heteroaromatic ring.

2. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein the lithium salt comprises LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiF 2 BC 2 O 4 , LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 , or any combination of two or more thereof.

3. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein the lithium salt is present at a concentration in the range of about 0.1 to about 5 M.

4. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein the lithium salt is present at a concentration in the range of about 1 to about 1.5 M.

5. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier also comprises at least one additional organic solvent.

6. The electrolyte composition of claim 1 wherein the liquid carrier also comprises at least one organic carbonate solvent selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethylcarbonate, and ethylmethylcarbonate.

7. The electrolyte of claim 1 wherein the heteroaromatic compound comprises a pyrrole moiety, and is represented by general Formula (IV):

wherein x is 1, 2, 3, or 4; each R 9 is attached to a carbon atom of the pyrrole moiety and independently is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkynyl, fluoroaryl, fluoroarylalkyl, a carboxylic anhydride, and a carboxylic ester selected from the group consisting of an alkyl ester, an alkenyl ester, an alkynyl ester, an aryl ester, an arylalkyl ester, a fluoroalkyl ester, a fluoroalkenyl ester, a fluoroalkynyl ester, a fluoroaryl ester, and a fluoroarylalkyl ester;
optionally R 9 substituents on two adjacent C atoms together form a cyclic carboxylic anhydride group;
R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, fluoroalkyl, fluoroalkenyl, fluoroalkynyl, fluoroaryl, and fluoroarylalkyl;
and the compound bears at least one R 9 substituent selected from a carboxylic anhydride and a carboxylic ester.

8. The electrolyte of claim 7 wherein x is 1 or 2 and each R 9 substituent is selected from a carboxylic ester and a carboxylic anhydride, or two adjacent R 9 substituents together form a cyclic anhydride; and R 10 is selected from H and C 1 to C 4 alkyl.

9. The electrolyte of claim 8 wherein the carboxylic ester is a C 1 to C 4 alkyl carboxylic ester.

10. An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte of claim 1 in contact with the anode and the cathode.

11. A battery comprising a plurality of electrochemical cells of claim 10 arranged in series, in parallel, or both.

Assignees

• Uchicago Argonne Llc

Inventors

• Cheng Gang
• Abraham Daniel P

Classifications

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M10/052 Primary

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M2300/0028

  characterised by the solvent · CPC title

• H01M10/0569

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title