Method and apparatus for determining watermark symbols in a received audio signal that can contain echoes, reverberation and/or noise

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9607623-B2
Application number	US-201414781960-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 28, 2014
Priority date	Apr 2, 2013
Publication date	Mar 28, 2017
Grant date	Mar 28, 2017

Abstract

Following transmission of a watermarked audio signal over an acoustic path causing echoes, reverberation and/or noise, watermark detection correlation result peak values are concentrated within a limited temporal range around main correlation result peaks, which limited temporal range is much smaller than the total correlation length. The watermark detection is based on the following: given n p correlation result peak values v=(v 1 , v 2 , . . . , v np ) in an average or expected probability distribution for correlation result values for unmarked content, the probability is calculated that within windows covering the limited temporal range there are n p or more values from a correlation result value set greater than or equal to these peaks v.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method for determining watermark symbols in a received audio signal that contain echoes, reverberation and/or noise, said method comprising:
correlating a section of the received audio signal with at least two different candidate reference pattern signals related to corresponding different candidate watermark symbols is, so as to produce in each case N correlation result values c is for each candidate watermark symbol is;
for each candidate watermark symbol is, determining M peak values within said correlation result values c is ,
for each one of said M peak values denoted global peak values and for each candidate watermark symbol is, determining from the correlation result values c is a corresponding vector v is k of n p peak values within each one of M windows of length L, each length-L window including one of said M global peak values and the summed-up length of all length-L windows being smaller than N, wherein k=1, . . . , M;
for each one of said M windows of length L, calculating a false positive probability value FP(v is k ) based on the vector v is k of peak values and an average or expected probability distribution for correlation result values for a non-watermarked audio signal, wherein the false positive probability FP(v is k ) is defined as the probability that for one or more times such a length-L window contains n p or more correlation result absolute values greater than or equal to the n p peak values in an average or expected probability distribution for correlation values for a non-watermarked audio signal; and
selecting or the section of said received audio signal that candidate watermark symbol is as a detected watermark symbol which has the minimum false positive probability value min is (min k (FP(v is k ))) if said minimum false positive probability value min is (min k (FP(v is k ))) is smaller than a predetermined threshold, wherein otherwise it is decided that no watermark symbol has been detected.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein, if in said calculation of said false positive probability FP(v is k ) value that value is smaller than a further predetermined threshold, it is assumed that a correct candidate watermark symbol is has been found and the further processing is omitted, and wherein said predetermined threshold is greater than said further predetermined threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein M=3.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there are two different candidate watermark symbols.

5. An apparatus for determining watermark symbols in a received audio signal that can contain echoes, reverberation and/or noise, said apparatus comprising a processor configured to:
correlate a section of the received audio signal with at least two different candidate reference pattern signals related to corresponding different candidate watermark symbols is, so as to produce in each case N correlation result values c is for each candidate watermark symbol is;
determine, for each candidate watermark symbol is, M peak values within said correlation result values c is , and determine, derived from said M correlation result peak values for each candidate watermark symbol is, for said section of said received audio signal a watermark symbol out of said candidate watermark symbols is,
wherein, for each one of said M peak values denoted global peak values and for each candidate watermark symbol is, there is determined from the correlation result values c is a corresponding vector v is k of n p peak values within each one of M windows of length L, each length-L window including one of said M global peak values and the summed-up length of all length-L windows being smaller than N, wherein k=1, . . . , M, and wherein, for each one of said M windows of length L, a false positive probability value FP(v is k ) is calculated based on the vector v is k of peak values and an average or expected probability distribution for correlation result values for a non-watermarked audio signal, wherein the false positive probability FP(v is k ) is defined as the probability that for one or more times such a length-L window contains n p or more correlation result absolute values greater than or equal to the n p peak values in an average or expected probability distribution for correlation values for a non-watermarked audio signal, and wherein for the section of said received audio signal that candidate watermark symbol is is selected as a detected watermark symbol which has the minimum false positive probability value min is (min k (FP(v is k ))) if said minimum false positive probability value min is (min k (FP(v is k ))) is smaller than a predetermined threshold,
and wherein otherwise said processor decides that no watermark symbol has been detected.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5 wherein, if in said calculation of said false positive probability FP(v is k ) value that value is smaller than a further predetermined threshold, it is assumed that a correct candidate watermark symbol is has been found and the further processing is omitted, and wherein said predetermined threshold is greater than said further predetermined threshold.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein M=3.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein there are two different candidate watermark symbols.

Assignees

• Thomson Licensing

Inventors

• Chen Xiaoming
• Baum Peter Georg
• Arnold Michael
• Gries Ulrich

Classifications

• G11B20/00891

  embedded in audio data · CPC title

• G10L19/018 Primary

  Audio watermarking, i.e. embedding inaudible data in the audio signal · CPC title

• G11B20/00884

  involving a watermark, i.e. a barely perceptible transformation of the original data which can nevertheless be recognised by an algorithm · CPC title

• G06F2221/0733

  Physics · mapped topic

• G06F21/1063

  Personalisation · CPC title