Virtual machines in a packet switching device

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9596175-B2
Application number	US-201514872981-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 1, 2015
Priority date	Nov 3, 2011
Publication date	Mar 14, 2017
Grant date	Mar 14, 2017

Abstract

In one embodiment, a packet switching device creates multiple virtual packet switching devices within the same physical packet switching device using virtual machines and sharing particular physical resources of the packet switching device. One embodiment uses this functionality to change the operating version (e.g., upgrade or downgrade) of the packet switching device by originally operating according to a first operating version, operating according to both a first and second operating version, and then ceasing operating according to the first operating version. Using such a technique, a packet switching device can be upgraded or downgraded while fully operating (e.g., without having to reboot line cards and route processing engines).

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method, comprising:
operating each particular physical line card of a plurality of physical line cards of a physical packet switching device according to a first operating version, which includes running a first line card routing instance virtual machine maintaining forwarding information for forwarding packets using the first operating version on said particular physical line card, and processing packets by one or more physical network processors operating based on microcode according to the first operating version on said particular physical line card;
operating a physical route processor engine according to the first operating version, which includes running a first route processing routing instance virtual machine maintaining a first routing information base including exchanging routing information with other packet switching devices, and deriving and providing said forwarding information based on the first routing information base to each said first line card routing instance virtual machine;
communicating packets among the plurality of physical line cards and physical route processor engine;
while said operating each of the plurality of physical line cards according to the first operating version, running a second line card routing instance virtual machine maintaining forwarding information for forwarding packets using a second operating version on each of the plurality of physical line cards; and
while said operating the physical route processor engine according to the first operating version, running a second route processing routing instance virtual machine maintaining a second routing information base, and deriving and providing forwarding information based on the second routing information base to each said second line card routing instance virtual machine.

2. The method of claim 1 , including synchronizing at least a portion of the second routing information base from the first routing information base.

3. The method of claim 1 , including migrating between switching packets by the physical packet switching device based on the first operating version to switching packets based on the second operating version.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said migrating between switching packets by the physical packet switching device based on the first operating version to switching packets based on the second operating version includes simultaneously switching packets according to the first operating version and according to the second operating version.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein received packets are not dropped due to said changing the operating version of the line card from the first operating version to the second operating version without restarting the line card.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said simultaneously switching packets according to the first operating version and according to the second operating version includes marking packets switched according to the first operating version with an indication corresponding to the first operating version.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said simultaneously switching packets according to the first operating version and according to the second operating version includes marking packets switched according to the second operating version with an indication corresponding to the second operating version.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein received packets are not dropped due to said changing the operating version of the line card from the first operating version to the second operating version without restarting the line card.

9. The method of claim 4 , wherein said simultaneously switching packets according to the first operating version and according to the second operating version includes marking packets switched according to the second operating version with an indication corresponding to the second operating version.

10. A method, comprising:
operating each particular physical line card of a plurality of physical line cards of a physical packet switching device according to a first operating version, which includes running a first line card routing instance virtual machine maintaining forwarding information for forwarding packets using the first operating version on said particular physical line card, and processing packets by one or more physical network processors operating based on microcode according to the first operating version on said particular physical line card;
operating a physical route processor engine according to the first operating version, which includes running a first route processing routing instance virtual machine maintaining a first routing information base including exchanging routing information with other packet switching devices, and deriving and providing said forwarding information based on the first routing information base to each said first line card routing instance virtual machine;
communicating packets among the plurality of physical line cards and physical route processor engine;
while said operating each of the plurality of physical line cards according to the first operating version, running a second line card routing instance virtual machine maintaining forwarding information for forwarding packets using a second operating version on each of the plurality of physical line cards; and
migrating between switching packets by the physical packet switching device based on the first operating version to switching packets based on the second operating version.

11. A physical packet switching device, comprising:
a plurality of physical line cards with each of the plurality of physical line cards including one or more interfaces that send and receive packets and a physical network processor processing packets according to microcode;
a physical route processor engine deriving and providing forwarding information to each of the plurality of physical line cards; and
a physical switching fabric or crossbar communicatively coupling the plurality of physical line cards and the physical route processor engine, which includes communicating packets among the plurality of line cards and the physical route processor engine;
wherein the physical packet switching device operates each particular physical line card of the plurality of physical line cards according to a first operating version, which includes running a first line card routing instance virtual machine maintaining forwarding information for forwarding packets using the first operating version on said particular physical line card, and processing packets by one or more physical network processors operating based on microcode according to the first operating version;
wherein the physical packet switching device operates the physical route processor engine according to the first operating version, which includes running a first route processing routing instance virtual machine maintaining a first routing information base including exchanging routing information with other packet switching devices, and deriving and providing forwarding information based on the first routing information base to each said first line card routing instance virtual machine
wherein while said operating each of the plurality of physical line cards according to the first operating version, the physical packet switching device runs a second line card routing instance virtual machine that maintains forwarding information for forwarding packets using a second operating version on each of the plurality of physical line cards; and
wherein while said operating the physical route processor engine according to the first operating version, the physical packet switching device runs a second route processing routing instance virtual machine that maintains a seco

Assignees

• Deshpande Akash R
• Bettink John H W
• Lipman Michael E
• Mohapatra Pradosh
• Devarajan Kannan
• Yellai Prabhakara R
• Ammanur Rajagopalan M
• Thoria Samir D
• Cisco Tech Inc

Inventors

• Deshpande Akash R
• Bettink John H W
• Lipman Michael E
• Mohapatra Pradosh
• Devarajan Kannan
• Yellai Prabhakara R
• Ammanur Rajagopalan M
• Thoria Samir D

Classifications

• H04L45/586 Primary

  of virtual routers · CPC title

• H04L45/60

  Router architectures · CPC title