Electrolyte for lithium battery and lithium battery including the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-9583790-B2
Application number	US-201414537165-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 10, 2014
Priority date	Nov 22, 2013
Publication date	Feb 28, 2017
Grant date	Feb 28, 2017

Abstract

An electrolyte for a lithium battery, the electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1; a nonaqueous organic solvent; and a lithium salt.

wherein, in Formula 1, X, Y a , Z, R 1 , and R 2 are as defined.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrolyte for a lithium battery, the electrolyte comprising:
a compound represented by Formula 2 or a compound represented by Formula 3;
a nonaqueous organic solvent; and
a lithium salt:

wherein, in Formula 2,
L is —N(H)— or —Si(R 3 )(R 4 )—O—, and
R 3 , R 4 , and R 8 to R 13 are each independently a C1-C30 alkyl group or a C6-C30 aryl group, wherein R 9 and R 12 hydrogen when L is —Si(R 3 )(R 4 )—O—;

wherein, in Formula 3,
R 14 to R 16 are each independently a C1-C30 alkyl group or a C6-C30 aryl group, and
M is Li, Na, or K.

2. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein,
in Formula 2, R 3 , R 4 , and R 8 to R 13 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, and
in Formula 3, M is Li and R 14 to R 16 are each independently a C1-C10 alkyl group.

3. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula 2 is a compound represented by Formula 4 or a compound represented by Formula 5, and wherein the compound represented by Formula 3 is a compound represented by Formula 6:

4. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the compound represented by Formula 2 or the compound represented by Formula 3 is in a range of about 0.005 weight percent to about 10 weight percent, based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

5. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the compound represented by Formula 2 or the compound represented by Formula 3 is in a range of about 0.1 weight percent to about 2 weight percent, based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

6. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is capable of generating hydrogen fluoride.

7. The electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the lithium salt capable of generating hydrogen fluoride is at least one selected from LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , and Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C.

8. The electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the lithium salt further comprises at least one selected from LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiN(C x F 2x+1 SO 2 )(C y F 2y+1 SO 2 ) (wherein x and y are natural numbers), LiCl, LiI, and LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 .

9. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises at least one selected from a carbonate solvent, an ester solvent, an ether solvent, a ketone solvent, and an alcohol solvent, and an aprotic solvent.

10. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent is at least one selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, acetonitrile, succinonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, γ-butyrolactone, and tetrahydrofuran.

11. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lithium salt is in a range of about 0.1 mole per liter to about 2.0 moles per liter.

12. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate and an acyclic carbonate.

13. The electrolyte of claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent comprises a fluoroethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate.

14. A lithium battery comprising:
a cathode;
an anode;
the electrolyte of claim 1 ; and
a reaction product of the electrolyte.

15. The lithium battery of claim 14 , wherein the cathode comprises at least one cathode active material selected from LiCoO 2 , LiNi 1-X Co X O 2 wherein 0≦x<1, Li 1-X M a X O 2 wherein M a is at least one selected from Mn and Fe, and 0.03<x<0.1, Li[Ni X Co 1-2X Mn X ]O 2 wherein 0<x<0.5, Li[Ni X Mn x ]O 2 wherein 0<x≦0.5, Li 1+x (Ni, Co, Mn) 1-y O z wherein 0<x≦1, 0≦y<1, and 2≦z≦4, LiM b 2 O 4 wherein M b is at least one selected from Ti, V, and Mn, LiM c X Mn 2-X O 4 wherein M c is a transition metal and 0≦x<2, LiFePO 4 , LiM d PO 4 wherein M d is at least one selected from Mn, Co, and Ni, V 2 O 5 , V 2 O 3 , VO 2 (B), V 6 O 13 , V 4 O 9 , V 3 O 7 , Ag 2 V 4 O 11 , AgVO 3 , LiV 3 O 5 , δ-Mn y V 2 O 5 , δ-NH 4 V 4 O 10 , Mn 0.8 V 7 O 16 , LiV 3 O 8 , Cu x V 2 O 5 , Cr x V 6 O 13 , M e 2 (XO 4 ) 3 wherein M e is a transition metal, and X is at least one selected from S, P, As, Mo, and W, and Li 3 M f 2 (PO 4 ) 3 where M f is at least one selected from Fe, V, and Ti.

16. The lithium battery of claim 15 , wherein the cathode active material is Li 1+x Mn w Co y Ni z O 2 (wherein w+x+y+z=1, 0.05≦x≦0.2, 0.05≦w<1, 0.05≦y<1, and 0.05≦z<1).

17. The lithium battery of claim 14 , wherein the anode comprises at least one anode active material selected from a vanadium oxide, a lithium vanadium oxide, Si, SiO x wherein 0<x<2, graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, and sintered coke, and an alloy of the formula a Si-M j wherein M j is at least one selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ti, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, and Po.

18. The lithium battery of claim 14 , wherein the anode comprises a solid electrolyte interface on a surface thereof, and wherein the solid electrolyte interface comprises the compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formula 1,
X is hydrogen or a C1-C30 alkyl group,
Y a is Si or Ge,
Z is —O—N(R)—Z 1 , —O-M, or —O—Si(R 3 )(R 4 )—Z 2 , wherein M is an alkali metal, R is hydrogen, lithium, or a C1-C30 alkyl group, a C4-C30 carbocyclic group, or a C5-C30 carbocyclic alkyl group, and Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1-C30 alkyl group, a C4-C30 carbocyclic group, a C5-C30 carbocyclic alkyl group, —Si(R 5 )(R 6 )(R 7 ), or —O—Si(R 5 )(R 6 )(R 7 ), and
R 1 to R 7 are each independently hydrogen, a C1-C30 alkyl group, a C1-C30 alkoxy group, a C6-C30 aryl group, a C6-C30 aryloxy group, a C7-C30 arylalkyl group, a C2-C30 heteroaryl group, a C2-C30 heteroaryloxy group, a C3-C30 heteroarylalkyl group, a C4-C30 carbocyclic group, a C5-C30 carbocyclic alkyl group, a C2-C30 heterocyclic group, a C3-C30 heterocyclic alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, or an amino group.

Assignees

• Samsung Electronics Co Ltd

Inventors

• Park Insun
• Kang Yoonsok
• Park Minsik
• Park Jinhwan

Classifications

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M2300/0034

  Fluorinated solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title